2️⃣Operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux)

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質問 English 答え English
foundation
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the base that is built below the surface of the ground to support a building
ensure
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to make something certain to happen
resource
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something that can be used to help you
responsibility
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something that it is your job or duty to deal with
open-source
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open-source software is free to use, and the original program can be changed by anyone
embedded
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fixed into the surface of something
multitasking
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a person's or product's ability to do more than one thing at a time
dependability
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the quality of being able to be trusted and being very likely to do what people expect
portable
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possible to take with you if you move to a different place or job
features
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a typical quality or an important part of something
virtualization
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the process of creating a virtual version or several virtual versions of a piece of computer equipment or software
ledger
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a book in which items are regularly recorded, esp. business activities and money received or paid
conjunction
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the situation in which events or conditions combine or happen together
substitute
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a thing or person that is used instead of another thing or person
operating system (OS)
Windows 10 and macOS are two popular examples of operating systems used on personal computers.
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the software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides services for computer programs.
kernel
The kernel is responsible for handling low-level tasks and providing an interface for applications to interact with the hardware.
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the core component of an operating system that manages memory, processes, and device drivers.
GUI
The GUI of modern operating systems has made it easier for users to navigate and perform tasks on their computers.
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(Graphical User Interface) - a visual interface that allows users to interact with a computer system using graphical elements such as icons, windows, and buttons.
Command Line Interface (CLI)
IT specialists often use the command line interface for advanced system administration and troubleshooting tasks.
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a text-based interface that allows users to interact with the operating system by typing commands.
multi-user
Some operating systems are known for their multi-user support, allowing many users to work on the same system at the same time.
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the capability of an operating system to allow multiple users to log in and use the system simultaneously.
virtual memory
Virtual memory helps prevent out-of-memory errors by allowing applications to use more memory than is physically installed.
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a technique used by an operating system to extend the available memory by using a portion of the storage device as additional RAM.
device drivers
When you plug in a new printer, the operating system automatically installs the necessary device drivers to make it work.
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software that enables the operating system to communicate with and control hardware devices.
booting
If your computer fails to boot, it may indicate an issue with the operating system or the hardware.
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the process of starting up an operating system on a computer
update
Regularly updating your operating system is essential to ensure the latest security fixes and improvements are applied.
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a software patch or new version that adds features, improves security, or fixes bugs in the operating system.
User Account Control (UAC)
UAC helps prevent unauthorized changes to the system by requiring administrator approval for certain actions.
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a security feature that prompts users for permission when making changes that could affect the system.
system restore
If your computer encounters any problem, you can use system restore to go back to a stable configuration.
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a feature that allows the operating system to revert to a previous state, useful for troubleshooting issues.
recovery partition
Many computers come with a recovery partition that can be accessed to reinstall the operating system if necessary.
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a hidden partition on the storage device that contains files needed to restore the operating system to its factory state.
system logs
Analysing system logs can provide valuable insights into system performance, security issues, and application errors.
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records generated by the operating system that track events, errors, and activities on the computer.
task manager
When troubleshooting system slowdowns, the task manager can help identify resource-intensive processes.
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a built-in utility in operating systems that allows users to monitor and manage running processes and system performance.
patch management
Patch management is critical to protect the system from known vulnerabilities and exploits.
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the process of systematically applying updates, patches, and security fixes to keep the operating system and software up to date.
remote desktop
IT specialists can use remote desktop to troubleshoot and manage computers remotely.
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a feature that allows users to access and control a computer from a different location over a network.

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