Articles

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質問 English 答え English
with singular countable nouns when it is not clear which thing or person is being talked about
use the indefinite article (a/an)
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We got an email from Carla. She's renting an apartment in Berlin with a friend.
the first time something is mentioned
use the indefinite article (a/an)
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There's a problem.
in phrases of quantity or frequency
use the indefinite article (a/an)
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2 euros a kilo, 5 days a week, 70 km an hour
with plurals and uncountable nouns to talk about things in general
use no article
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Children need at least eight hours' sleep.
for continents, countries, towns, roads, stations, mountains and lakes
use no article
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Asia, Spain, Moscow, Kings Cross Station, Everest, Lake Garda
when it's clear to the listener/reader what is being talked about
Use the definite article (the):
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Lia had the children with her. (her children). I liked the speech you made.
when something is unique; superlatives
use the definite article (the):
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The first man on the moon. It's the fastest car.
when something has been mentioned before
use the definite article (the):
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There's a problem and the problem is money.
for oceans, rivers, organisations, deserts, mountain ranges, decades
use the definite article (the):
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The Pacific, the Danube, the UN, the Alps, the Sahara, the 1990s
in fixed lexical phrases
use the definite article (the):
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What's the matter? The bigger the better.
with an adjective or a singular countable noun for things in general
use the definite article (the):
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The city is divided between the rich and the poor. The tiger could soon be extinct.
Note:
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a singular countable noun can never stand alone; it must go with a, an, each, every, this, that, his, her, the, etc.
Complete the text
The Thomas Edisons of food
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with a/an, the or no article (-)
When people think of (1) inventors,
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When people think of inventors,
they might think of Thomas Edison and (2) light bulb
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they might think of Thomas Edison and the light bulb
or Gutenberg and (3) printing press, but do you know who invented some of the food you eat?
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or Gutenberg and the printing press, but do you know who invented some of the food you eat?
George Crum was (4) head chef
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George Crum was the head chef
at (5) resort in Saratoga Springs, New York.
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at a resort in Saratoga Springs, New York.
One day (6) costumer complained that the French fries were too thick,
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One day a costumer complained that the French fries were too thick,
so Crum sliced (7) potato paper-thin and fried it,
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so Crum sliced a potato paper-thin and fried it,
just to make (8) customer happy.
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just to make the customer happy.
And so, (9) crisps were born.
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And so, crisps were born.
Sausages of all sorts have been common in Europe for centuries, but (10) hot dogs were first sold as sausages in buns by German immigrants
bread that is made in a small round shape: a hamburger bun
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Sausages of all sorts have been common in Europe for centuries, but hot dogs were first sold as sausages in buns by German immigrants
on the streets of (11) New York City
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on the streets of New York City
in (12) mid-19th century.
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in the mid-19th century.
Mayonnaise was probably invented by (13) French chef
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Mayonnaise was probably invented by a French chef
in (14) mid-18th century
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in the mid-18th century
and was first sold in glass bottles in (15) USA in 1912.
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and was first sold in glass bottles in the USA in 1912.
Popcorn was invented by Native American Indians, but it's not clear which group or where (16) snack food first appeared.
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Popcorn was invented by Native American Indians, but it's not clear which group or where the snack food first appeared.
Early American settlers ate (17) popcorn with milk
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Early American settlers ate popcorn with milk
for (18) breakfast!
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for breakfast!
So the next time you're sitting in (19) cinema, munching on popcorn and crisps,
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So the next time you're sitting in the cinema, munching on popcorn and crisps,
Normally with cinema we use the.
remember (20) people who first discovered these treats. Now, who were they again ...?
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remember the people who first discovered these treats. Now, who were they again ...?

Articles

Articles are words in English language that define a noun as specific or unspecific. The definite article is the world the which limits the meaning of a noun to one particular thing. The indefinite article takes two forms. It is the word a when it precedes a word that begins with a consonant whereas word an when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel. The indefinite article demonstrates a noun refers to a general idea rather than a particular thing. There are examples for illustrations of this concept.

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