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I think if any of us had used it, it would have felt really wrong. 学び始める
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had used; would have felt
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If that had happened to me, I might not have jumped. 学び始める
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had happened; might not have jumped
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I would have done the same thing. 学び始める
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If he hadn't jumped down there, the baby wouldn't be alive. 学び始める
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hadn't jumped; wouldn't be
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Do the sentences above refer to real or hypothetical situations? 学び始める
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All four sentences are hypothetical because the condition is always in the past so can't be changed.
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Does each sentence refer to the past or to the past and the present? 学び始める
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1-3 refer to the past; 4 refers to the past and the present.
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Sentence 3 has only one (result) clause. Why is it unnecessary to have a conditional clause? In the second text find another example of a result clause on its own. I would have done the same thing. 学び始める
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The conditional (if) clause is often not used if the condition is understood or obvious. Anybody would have done the same.
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In the conditional clause use the (?) to talk about the hypothetical past. 学び始める
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In the conditional clause use the past perfect to talk about the hypothetical past.
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In the result clause use: a) (?) + (?) + (?) to talk about the past. 学び始める
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In the result clause use: a) modal + have + past participle to talk about the past.
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b) (?) + (?) to talk about the present. 学び始める
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b) modal + infinitive to talk about the present.
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If they (be) more prepared when they set out that morning, he (not need) to risk his own life. A hiker saved two strangers lost on a snowing mountain by sharing his food and water with them and risking his own life. 学び始める
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If they had been more prepared when they set out that morning, he wouldn't have needed to risk his own life.
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They (be) dead now if he (leave) them there. A hiker saved two strangers lost on a snowing mountain by sharing his food and water with them and risking his own life. 学び始める
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They would/might/could be dead now if he had left them there.
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