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学び始める
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distribution channel - all the companies or individuals ('middlemen') involved in moving goods or services from producers to consumers
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学び始める
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market opportunities - possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sectors in which a company can profitably produce goods or services
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market penetration - the strategy of setting a low price to try to sell a large volume and increase market share
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学び始める
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market segmentation - dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different requirements or buying habits
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学び始める
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market skimming - setting a high price for a new product, to make maximum revenue before competing products appear on the market
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学び始める
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price elasticity - the extent o which supply or demand (the quantity produced or bought) of a products responds to changes of price
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学び始める
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product differentiation - making a product (appear to be) different from similar products offered by other sellers, by product differences, advertising, packaging, etc.
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学び始める
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product features - the attributes of characteristics of a product, such as size, shape, quality, price, reliability, etc.
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学び始める
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sales representative - someone who contacts existing and potential customers, and tries to persuade them to buy goods or services
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学び始める
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wholesaler - an intermediary that stocks manufacturers' goods or merchandise, and sells it to retailers and professional buyers
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学び始める
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学び始める
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dystrybutor; przedstawiciel sprzedaży 学び始める
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学び始める
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学び始める
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advertising agencies - companies that design advertising of clients
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学び始める
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advertising campaign - the advertising of a particular product or service during a particular period of time
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akta lub streszczenie sprawy 学び始める
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brief - the statement of objectives that a client works out with an advertising agency
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学び始める
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target customers - a defined set of customers whose needs a company plans to satisfy
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advertising budget - the amount of money a company plans to spend in developing its advertising and buying media time or space
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学び始める
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media plan - the choice of where to advertise in order to reach the right people
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metoda parytetu porównawczego 学び始める
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comparative - parity method - choosing to spend the same amount on advertising as one's competitors
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学び始める
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(free) sample - a small amount of a product given to customers to encourage them to try it
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学び始める
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word-of mouth advertising - free advertising, when satisfied customers recommend products to their friends
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学び始める
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viral marketing - trying to get consumers to forward an online marketing message to other people
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学び始める
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brand awareness - the degree to which people are familiar with or prefer a particular brand
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学び始める
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niche - an opportunity for a business to offer a product or service that is not offered by other businesses
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学び始める
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discount - a reduction in the usual price of a product or service
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学び始める
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divisive - tending to cause disagreements that separate people into opposing groups
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学び始める
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invest - to buy something that you think will go up in value, for example shares or property, in order to make a profit
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学び始める
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market share - the number of products or services that a company sells compared to the number that other companies sell
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reklama przez znaną osobę 学び始める
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product endorsement - a statement made by someone in an advertisement, especially a well-known person, saying that they use and like a particular product
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学び始める
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influence - the ability to have an effect on people or events
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学び始める
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increase - a situation in which the number, size, or amount of something gets bigger
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学び始める
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internal - relating to activities, decisions, etc. within a particular organization or company, not outside it
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学び始める
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Deposits - money placed in a bank
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学び始める
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Loan - a sum of money borrowed from a bank
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学び始める
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Capital - the money invested in a business
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学び始める
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Stocks or shares - certificates representing part-ownership of company
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学び始める
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Bonds - certificates of debt issued by governments or companies to raise money
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学び始める
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Merger - when one company combines with another one
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Oferta przejęcia (wroga lub przyjazna) 学び始める
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Takeover bid (hostile or friendly) - when one company offers to buy or acquire another one
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学び始める
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Stockbroking - buying and selling stocks or shares for clients
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学び始める
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Portfolio - all the investments owned by an individual or organization
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学び始める
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Returns - the profits made on investments
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学び始める
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Bankrupt - unable to ay debts or continue to do business
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学び始める
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Deregulation - the ending or relaxing of legal restrictions
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学び始める
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Conglomerate - group of companies, operating in different fields, which have joined together
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学び始める
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Interest - the price paid for borrowing money, paid to the lenders
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学び始める
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Current account - bank accounts in which cheques can be written and honored by the bank
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Konto oszczędnościowe lub depozytowe 学び始める
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Savings or deposit account - accounts in which checks cannot be written but usually offers higher interest rates than current accounts
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学び始める
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Cashpoints - machines that dispense cash, accept deposits, by which bills can be paid
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学び始める
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Chequebook - promissory notes paid back by banks in which take in place of cash
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学び始める
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Credit card - a card that identifies a person as entitled to have food, merchandise, services, etc., billed on a charge account
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学び始める
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Debit card - plastic card that resembles a credit card but functions like a check and through which payments for purchases are made electronically to the bank accounts of participating retailing establishments directly from those of card holders
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Kupno lub sprzedaż waluty obcej na podróż 学び始める
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Buying or selling foreign currency for traveling - monetary transaction dealing with foreign currency
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Hipoteka - kredyt na zakup nieruchomości 学び始める
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Mortgage - a loan to buy property
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学び始める
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Investment advice - recommendation or suggestion one receives from a professional
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Przekroczenie konta bankowego 学び始める
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Overdraft - the possibility to borrow money by spending more than you have in your bank account
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Bankowość internetowa (płatności, przelewy) 学び始める
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Internet banking (payments, transfers) - banking through financial services electronically
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Bankowość telefoniczna (płatności, przelewy) 学び始める
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Telephone banking (payments, transfers) - banking through financial services through phone system
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学び始める
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Commercial banks - receives deposits from, and make loans to, individuals and small companies
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学び始める
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Investment banks - work with big companies, giving financial advice, raising capital by issuing stocks or shares and bonds, arranging mergers and takeovers bids, etc.
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学び始める
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Private banks - provide wealthy individuals with banking and investment services
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学び始める
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Hedge funds - private investment funds for wealthy investors tha use a wider variety of risky investing strategies than traditional investment funds, in order to achieve higher returns
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学び始める
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Islamic banks - founded in Islamic countries, offer interest-free banking. They do not pay interest to depositors or charge interest to borrowers, but invest in companies and share the profits (or losses) with their depositors.
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Niebankowi pośrednicy finansowi 学び始める
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Non-bank financial intermediaries - car manufacturers, food retailers and department stores offering products like personal loans, credit cards and insurance
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Ocena wiarygodności kredytowej 学び始める
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Credit rating - estimates of people's ability to fulfill their financial commitments
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学び始める
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Default - failure to repay a loan
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学び始める
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Collateralized - with property or another asset used as a guarantee of payment
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学び始める
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Write off - cancel a bad debt or a worthless asset from an account
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学び始める
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Collateral - property or other assets used as a guarantee of payment
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学び始める
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Microfinance - the lending of very small amounts of money at low interest, especially to a start-up company or self-employed person
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człowiek zmieniający często marki 学び始める
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学び始める
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standing orders - an instruction from a customer to a bank to make a regular payment to a creditor
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学び始める
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payee - the person to whom the cheque is written
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学び始める
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bank draft - an instruction from one bank to another bank asking it to make a payment to a supplier
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学び始める
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clierance - the time taken from when a cheque is presented to a bank to when the receiving account is credited
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学び始める
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bank rate - the lowest level of interest that a bank charges for lending money
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