ANGIELSKI CIRCULATION + NUTRITION

excess

an amount of something that is more than necessary, permitted, or desirable. nadwyzka

be suspended

być zawiszonym w/hang (something) from somewhere.

dissolve

(with reference to a solid) become or cause to become incorporated into a liquid so as to form a solution. rozpuszczac

undifferentiated

niezróżnicowany

invaders

najezdzca

infants

niemowleta

comprise

zawierac

equal

równy

float

pływac

abundant, plentiful

obfity, liczny existing or available in large quantities; plentiful.

be devoid

być pustym

consideration

careful thought, typically over a period of time.

platelets clump

płytki agreguhą

encounter

spotkac / gdy płytki spotkaja uszkoszone naczynie

draw from

pobierac krew

pulmonary artery

pulmonary artery/ blood to the lung

pulmonary capillary

pulmonary capillary

pulmonary vein

pulmonary vein

precava

precava

postcava

postcava

left atrium

left atrium

right atrium

right atrium

black blood

krew zylna

arterial blood

krew tetnicza

capillaries of peripheral tissues

capillaries of peripheral tissues

pulmonary veins

pulmonary veins/ the blood from the lung

mitral valve

mitral valve

tricuspid valve

tricuspid valve

aortic valve

aortic valve

descending aorta

the flow of blood to the body

vena cava inferior

the flow of blood from the body

tricuspid valve

zastawka trójdzielna

vena cava superior

the flow of blood from the body

the capillaries

what are the very thin, fragile and hair-like vessels, located within the tissues of the body, that serve to distribute oxygenated blood from the arteries to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood from the tissues back into the veins

the ventricles

what are the two large chambers in the heart that collect and expel blood received from the atria

the atrium(atria)

what are the chambers of the heart into which blood flows as opposed to the ventricle, where blood is pushed out of the heart

the right atrium

what part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava and the coronary sinus

the left atrium

part of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left and right pulmonary veins

the superior vena cava

the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body and passes it into the heart's rughr atrium

arteries and veins

the part of circulatory system that serves to transport blood throughout the body

arteries

the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

veins

the blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

coronary circuit

the blood vessels that provide the blood supply to the heart in order to nourish the heart cells

arterioles

the blood vessels into which arteries branch off

venules

the blood vessels which connect veins to capillaries

the tricuspid valve

the atrioventicular structure rhat opnes from the right atrium into the right ventricle

kidneys

what organs do the renal arteries supply

cytoskeleton

a structure taht is unique to the eukaryotic cell, it fills the cytoplasm and acts as a framework for movement and stability

nucleus

an intracellular structure enclosed by a perforated envelope which contains DNA as well as one or more nucleoli

flagellum

a slender mobile extension of the cell involved in cell locomotion

lysosome

a membrane-bound organelle in the cytoplasm of most cells containing various hydrolitic enzymes that function in intracellular digestion

centriole

a structure found in eukaryotic animal cells that acts as the centre for producing microtubules and plays a role in cell division

mitochondrion

a memberane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells sometimes described as cellular power plants and also involved in other tasks such as signaling, celluar differentiation, cell death, as well as the control of the cell cycle and cell growth

golgi apparatus

a stack of flattened compartments where molecules are packed for delivery to other cell components or for excretion from the cell

ribosome

a minute round particle composed of RNA and protein that is found in the cytoplasm of living cells and serves as the site of assembly for polypeptides encoded by meddender RNA

peroxisome

small-membrane encloes organelles also known as microbodies that contain enzymes that oxidize and breakdown some cell substances

phlebotomist

is a medical professional who draws blood from patients for different kinds of blood tests

haematologist

ia a medical specialist who deals with blood and its disease

forensic scientist

is a professional who collects and analyzes physical evidence from crime scenes. They role is to provide impartial evidence for use in courts of law. They often analyze blood samples

donor

donates blood to be stored in a blood bank and used for transfusion or to mske certain medicatios

recipient

a patient eho has been given blood because his or her medical condition required it

haemophiliac

is a person suffering from haemophilia, a medical condition in which blood clotting process is impaired.

haemorrhage

escape of blood through a cut in a blood vessel

haematoma

accumulation of blood in the tissues that clots to from a solid swellin. It's usually due to trauma

haematuria

presence of blood in the urine

haemodialysis

the process of taking harmful substances out of someone's blood using a special machine, because their kidneys do not work properly

haemoptysis

coughing up blood or blood containing mucus

haemophthalamia

bleeding into the vitreous humour of the eye

haemothorax

presence of blood in the pleural cavity, usually as a result of an injury.

down

too low

decreased

too low

reduced

too low

below the normal limit/range

too low

there's a decrease in...

too low

within the normal limits/range

normal

normal blood count

normal

unremarkable

normal

up

too high

increased

too high

elevated

too high

above the normal limit/range

too high

there's an increase/rise/elevation in

too high

raised

too high

slightly

quantifying phrases

mildly

quantifying phrases

moderately

quantifying phrases

considerably

quantifying phrases

significantly

quantifying phrases

markedly

quantifying phrases

at the cesarean

cesarskie cięcie

a seizure

atak np. padaczki

retrosternal pain

pain behind the breast bone

radiation of the chest pain

pain spreads to your shoulders

palpitations

rapid or irregular heart beat

dyspnoea

shortness of breath

epigastric discomfort

pain in the upper part of the stomach

diaphoresis

sweating

anxiety

nervousness

syncope

fainting

impairment of congnitive function

confusion

bradycardia

abnormally slow heart rate

tachycardia

abnormally rapid heart rate

tiredness

fatigue

paleness

pallor

swelling

oedema

sleeplessnees

insomnia

dizziness

vertigo

nervousness

anxiety

sleep apnoea

abnormal pauses in breathing or episodes of a very low breathing rate in sleep

orthopnoea

shortness of breath that occurs in the supine position, relieved by an upright body position

duodenum

the first part of the bowels just below the stomach into which the common bile duct opnes

anus

odbyt/ the opening at the end of the alimentary canal through which solid waste leaves the body

intestine

jelito

saliva

ślina/liquid contaimig enzymes produced in your mouth to keep the mouth wet and to help prepare food for digestion by moistening and softening the ingested pieces

rectum

odbytnica/ the lowest end of the bowels into which solid waste travels before leaving the body through the anus

jejunum

jelito czcze

cardiac sprincter

the valve between the distal end of oesophagus and the stomach

sigmoid

esica

caecum

kątnica

ileum

jelito krete

bile duct

przewód zołciowy

gallbladder

przecherzyk zołciowy/ a small organ in the body like a bag connected to the liver which stores and releases bile into the duodenum whenever necessary

pyloric sprincter

zwieracz odzwienika/a muscle which controls the passage of foof out of the stomach and into the small intestine

salivary glands

slinianki

gum

dziąsło

mucous membrane lining

błona sluzowa

pancreas

trzustka/an organ in th ebody that produces insulin and substances which help to digest food so that it can be used by the body

associated organs

associated organs

colon

okreznica/the lower and bigger half of the bowels in which water is removed from solid waste and then reabsorbed and where faeces is formed

teeth

structures that chew(masticate) food

liver

a large organ in the body which cleanses the blood and produces bile

villi/villes

many tiny finger-like structures on the inner surface of the small intestine which increase the surface area significantly to facilitate the absorption of nutrients

mouth

the place where ingestion occurs and the process of digestion stars; here starch is broken down and food boluses are formed

stomach

an organ in the body where food is digested and where chyme is formed and stored before it moves on to be absorbed; the lining of this organ secreted hydrovhloric acids and digestive enzymes

oesophagus

the tube in the body which takes food from the mouth to the stomach

bile

fluid released by the liver which helps to break dwon fats

chyme

semi-fluid, partially digested food mixed with gastic juice

peristaltic movements

a series of muscular contractions within the walls of the oesophagus and intestines which move food through the alimentary tract

bolus

a soft, rounded ball of chewed food

hydrochloric acid

a strong acid, found in the gastric juice

starchy food

food such as potatoes, rice and grains which contain a lot of carbohydrates

spit

saliva

push out

expel

deposits

residue

firm

solid

nutrients

foodstuffs

sourness

acidity

begin

initiate

stools

faeces

stir

churn

squashy

mushy

sack

pouch

excertion

defecation

anorexia

be off food for 3 days

ascites

the fluid has collected in his abdomnial cavity

belching

he keeps removing air from his stomach with a loud voice

bloating

tummy feels swollen

constipation

he hasn't open his bowels for three days

diarrhoea

the patient has the trots

dyspepsia

after meals i get indigestion

dysphagia

the patient"s got problems swallowing

emesis

the baby just throw up

flatulance

the patient's having wind

haematemesis

the patient's bringing up bloody vomit

heartburn

i have a burinig feeling in my gullet

hiccups

i keep having these strange spasms of my diaphragm

melaena

his BM's are black and tarry

nausea

i feel sick

regurgitation

the baby brings back the milk soon after feeding

gastroesophageal reflux disease

GERD

gastritis

gastritis

peptic(gastic/duodenal) ulcer

peptic(gastic/duodenal) ulcer

celiac disease

celiac disease

appendictis

appendictis

irritable bowel syndrome

irritable bowel syndrome

Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease

cirrhosis

marskość

cholecystitis

zapalenie pecherzyka zołciowego

gallstones(cholecystolithiasis)

kamica pech. zół

indigestion

niestrawność

pernicious anemia

anemia złosliwa

distinguishing symptom

charakterystyczne objawy

rigid

sztywny twardy

intermittent

przerywany okresowy sporadyczny

bulge

wzdęcie, wypukłosc

groin

pachwina

swelling

obrzek obuchlizna opuchniecie

scrotum

worek posznowy

testicular area

obszar jader

burinig stomach

piekacy zoładek

opryszczka

cold sore

skaleczenie

cut

bąbel

blister

rozstępy

stretch marks

wysypka

rash

otarcie skóry

graze

oparzenie

burn

pryszcz

pimple

brodawka

wart

pieprzyk

mole

oparzenie słoneczne

sunburn

strup

scab

siniak

bruise

zmarszczka

wrinkle

odmrożenie

frostbite

zadrapanie

scratch

łaty, takie odbsrwienia mleczne

patches

bielactwo

vitiligo

czerniak

melanoma

skorupa

crust

skaza

blemish

znamię

birthmark

stłuczenie

contusion

skaleczenie

laceration

pokrzywka

urticaria

pokrzywka

hives

kurzajka

verruca

przetarcie

abrasion

pęcherzyk żółciowy

vesicle

opryszczka

herpes

odmrożenie

chilblain

blizna

cicatrix

podbite oko

black eye

Szkody słoneczne

sun damage

pieprzyk

beauty mark

rumień

erythema

trądzik

acne

czyrak

boil

rana

wound

waga (urządzenie)

scales

płatki / łuski

flakes/scales

rog skorny

corn skin

zrogowaciałej

calloused

łuszczyca

psoriasis

dermatimycyoza

dermatimycosis

świerzb

scabies

swędzenie

itching

trądzik różowaty

rosacea

rumień czerwoności

redness erythema

depress worry

get down

become ill with

go down with

spuchnięte górę become oedematous

swollen up

wymiotować vomit

throw up

have a rash

come out in

mdleć faint lose consciousness

pass out

wyrwać się be covered by

break out in

wybuchać płomieniembecome worse

flare up

wychować cough up

bring up

umieścić na gain weight

put on

zabierać/odbierać contract get an illness

pick up

rozjaśnić

clear up

wyciąć

cut down

zostać doprowadzony do

be brought to

umierać

pass away

wyzdrowieć

pull through

napisać sprawozdanie

write up

popić

wash down

przeboleć

get over

słabnąć

wear off

wyciągnij zęby

pull out a teeth

wyciągać

pull out

sprawdź jego zęby

check out his teeth

nastać/zapanować/osiedlać się

set in

co przynosi ból

what brings the pain on

build-up

build-up

badanie ogólne

checkup

początek

onset