Eg 1

We use the present simple for: habits, permanent or long-term situations, facts.

We use the present simple for: habits, permanent or long-term situations, facts.

Habits: I clean my teeth every night.

Habits: I clean my teeth every night.

Permanent or long-term situations: I come from Australia. They live near the sea.

Permanent or long-term situations: I come from Australia. They live near the sea.

Facts: Ice melts in the heat.

Facts: Ice melts in the heat.

We use the present simple for: habits, permanent or long-term situations, facts. Habits: I clean my teeth every night. Permanent or long-term situations: I come from Australia. They live near the sea. Facts: Ice melts in the heat.

We use the present simple for: habits, permanent or long-term situations, facts. Habits: I clean my teeth every night. Permanent or long-term situations: I come from Australia. They live near the sea. Facts: Ice melts in the heat.

Typical time words and expressions used with the present simple include:

Typical time words and expressions used with the present simple include:

usually, always, never, hardly ever, as often as I can, twice a day, whenever I can.

usually, always, never, hardly ever, as often as I can, twice a day, whenever I can.

Typical time words and expressions used with the present simple include: usually, always, never, hardly ever, as often as I can, twice a day, whenever I can.

Typical time words and expressions used with the present simple include: usually, always, never, hardly ever, as often as I can, twice a day, whenever I can.

For surprising or annoying habits (things that happen very often or too often), we use:

For surprising or annoying habits (things that happen very often or too often), we use:

the present continuous or the present continuous + always,

the present continuous or the present continuous + always,

keep + gerund or keep on + gerund:

keep + gerund or keep on + gerund:

Kate's always giving me chocolates. I don't know why!

Kate's always giving me chocolates. I don't know why!

She's always saying silly things. (It's annoying.)

She's always saying silly things. (It's annoying.)

She keeps saying silly things. She keeps on saying silly things.

She keeps saying silly things. She keeps on saying silly things.

For surprising or annoying habits (things that happen very often or too often), we use: the present continuous or the present continuous + always, keep + gerund or keep on + gerund:

For surprising or annoying habits (things that happen very often or too often), we use: the present continuous or the present continuous + always, keep + gerund or keep on + gerund:

Kate's always giving me chocolates. I don't know why! She's always saying silly things. (It's annoying.) She keeps saying silly things. She keeps on saying silly things.

Kate's always giving me chocolates. I don't know why! She's always saying silly things. (It's annoying.) She keeps saying silly things. She keeps on saying silly things.

We can also use tend to for things that usually happen:

We can also use tend to for things that usually happen:

He tends to interfere in other people's business.

He tends to interfere in other people's business.

Men don't tend to live as long as women. Men tend not to live as long as women.

Men don't tend to live as long as women. Men tend not to live as long as women.

We can also use tend to for things that usually happen: He tends to interfere in other people's business. Men don't tend to live as long as women. Men tend not to live as long as women.

We can also use tend to for things that usually happen: He tends to interfere in other people's business. Men don't tend to live as long as women. Men tend not to live as long as women.

We use will for: the typical way a person behaves, stating what we think or assume is true.

We use will for: the typical way a person behaves, stating what we think or assume is true.

The typical way a person behaves: My brother will sit for hours just reading a book. (with a time expression for example for hours)

The typical way a person behaves: My brother will sit for hours just reading a book. (with a time expression for example for hours)

Stating what we think or assume is true: That'll be your sister on the phone. Can you answer it?

Stating what we think or assume is true: That'll be your sister on the phone. Can you answer it?

We use will for: The typical way a person behaves: My brother will sit for hours just reading a book. (with a time expression for example for hours). Stating what we think or assume is true: That'll be your sister on the phone. Can you answer it?

We use will for: The typical way a person behaves: My brother will sit for hours just reading a book. (with a time expression for example for hours). Stating what we think or assume is true: That'll be your sister on the phone. Can you answer it?

We use the present continuous for: something happening now, temporary situations, changing or developing situations.

We use the present continuous for: something happening now, temporary situations, changing or developing situations.

Something happening now: I’m watching TV at the moment.

Something happening now: I’m watching TV at the moment.

Temporary situations: She's studying economics.

Temporary situations: She's studying economics.

Changing or developing situations: It's getting dark.

Changing or developing situations: It's getting dark.

We use the present continuous for: Something happening now: I’m watching TV at the moment. Temporary situations: She's studying economics. Changing or developing situations: It's getting dark.

We use the present continuous for: Something happening now: I’m watching TV at the moment. Temporary situations: She's studying economics. Changing or developing situations: It's getting dark.

Typical time expressions used with the present continuous include:

Typical time expressions used with the present continuous include:

at present, currently, at the moment, for the time being, today.

at present, currently, at the moment, for the time being, today.

Typical time expressions used with the present continuous include: at present, currently, at the moment, for the time being, today.

Typical time expressions used with the present continuous include: at present, currently, at the moment, for the time being, today.

Some examples of state verbs are verbs of: appearing, thinking, feeling, sensing, owning.

Some examples of state verbs are verbs of: appearing, thinking, feeling, sensing, owning.

Appearing: appear, seem, look.

Appearing: appear, seem, look.

Thinking: doubt, feel, gather, know, mean, remember, think, understand, expect.

Thinking: doubt, feel, gather, know, mean, remember, think, understand, expect.

Feeling: dislike, hate, love, want, wish, prefer.

Feeling: dislike, hate, love, want, wish, prefer.

Sensing: hear, see, smell, taste, sound.

Sensing: hear, see, smell, taste, sound.

Owning: belong, need, owe, own.

Owning: belong, need, owe, own.

Some examples of state verbs: appear, seem, look; doubt, feel, gather, know, mean, remember, think, understand, expect; dislike, hate, love, want, wish, prefer; hear, see, smell, taste, sound; belong, need, owe, own.

Some examples of state verbs: appear, seem, look; doubt, feel, gather, know, mean, remember, think, understand, expect; dislike, hate, love, want, wish, prefer; hear, see, smell, taste, sound; belong, need, owe, own.

Other state verbs include: promise, agree, deny, depend, fit, mean, involve, matter.

Other state verbs include: promise, agree, deny, depend, fit, mean, involve, matter.

Other state verbs include: promise, agree, deny, depend, fit, mean, involve, matter.

Other state verbs include: promise, agree, deny, depend, fit, mean, involve, matter.

These verbs (state verbs) are not normally used in the continuous, except when they describe a mental or physical action or process:

These verbs (state verbs) are not normally used in the continuous, except when they describe a mental or physical action or process:

I’m thinking of you all the time. (mental action)

I’m thinking of you all the time. (mental action)

He's appearing in a new film. (physical action)

He's appearing in a new film. (physical action)

These verbs (state verbs) are not normally used in the continuous, except when they describe a mental or physical action or process: I’m thinking of you all the time. (mental action). He's appearing in a new film. (physical action).

These verbs (state verbs) are not normally used in the continuous, except when they describe a mental or physical action or process: I’m thinking of you all the time. (mental action). He's appearing in a new film. (physical action).

We can use the past simple (with a time word or expression) for past habits.

We can use the past simple (with a time word or expression) for past habits.

Every day I got up at 7 a.m. and went to work by bus.

Every day I got up at 7 a.m. and went to work by bus.

We can use the past simple (with a time word or expression) for past habits. Every day I got up at 7 a.m. and went to work by bus.

We can use the past simple (with a time word or expression) for past habits. Every day I got up at 7 a.m. and went to work by bus.

We use used to + infinitive for habits or states which are no longer true:

We use used to + infinitive for habits or states which are no longer true:

I used to go out every Friday. (habit)

I used to go out every Friday. (habit)

We used to live in Bridgetown. (state)

We used to live in Bridgetown. (state)

We use used to + infinitive for habits or states which are no longer true: I used to go out every Friday. (habit). We used to live in Bridgetown. (state)

We use used to + infinitive for habits or states which are no longer true: I used to go out every Friday. (habit). We used to live in Bridgetown. (state)

We can use would for habits (but NOT states) which are no longer true:

We can use would for habits (but NOT states) which are no longer true:

When I was younger, I would help my mother in the kitchen.

When I was younger, I would help my mother in the kitchen.

(BUT NOT: When I was younger, I would live in Barbados.)

(BUT NOT: When I was younger, I would live in Barbados.)

We can use would for habits (but NOT states) which are no longer true: When I was younger, I would help my mother in the kitchen. (BUT NOT: When I was younger, I would live in Barbados.)

We can use would for habits (but NOT states) which are no longer true: When I was younger, I would help my mother in the kitchen. (BUT NOT: When I was younger, I would live in Barbados.)

We use the comparative form or as ... as to compare two or more people, things, places, etc.

We use the comparative form or as ... as to compare two or more people, things, places, etc.

Chloe is a better singer than Hannah. (to a higher degree)

Chloe is a better singer than Hannah. (to a higher degree)

Harry is as good a dancer as Ryan. (to the same degree)

Harry is as good a dancer as Ryan. (to the same degree)

Amy is less confident than Katie. (to a lower degree)

Amy is less confident than Katie. (to a lower degree)

Amy is not as confident as Katie. (to a higher degree)

Amy is not as confident as Katie. (to a higher degree)

We use the comparative form or as ... as to compare two or more people, things, places, etc. Chloe is a better singer than Hannah. Harry is as good a dancer as Ryan. Amy is less confident than Katie. Amy is not as confident as Katie.

We use the comparative form or as ... as to compare two or more people, things, places, etc. Chloe is a better singer than Hannah. Harry is as good a dancer as Ryan. Amy is less confident than Katie. Amy is not as confident as Katie.

We use the superlative form when we want to pick out one person, thing, place, etc. from all the others:

We use the superlative form when we want to pick out one person, thing, place, etc. from all the others:

Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Scotland.

Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Scotland.

We use the superlative form when we want to pick out one person, thing, place, etc. from all the others: Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Scotland.

We use the superlative form when we want to pick out one person, thing, place, etc. from all the others: Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Scotland.