English Basic Nouns

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質問 English 答え English
acme
学び始める
the highest point of achievement
The new Cessna airplanes will be the acme of comfort; offering reclining seats and ample legroom.
advocate
学び始める
a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea
Martin Luther King Jr. was a tireless advocate for the rights of African-Americans in the United States. This word has other definitions but this is the most important one for the GRE
altruism
学び始める
the quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Albert Schweitzer spent most of his life doing missionary work as a doctor in Africa; seeking no reward; apparently motivated only by altruism.
animosity
学び始める
intense hostility
The governor's animosity toward his rival was only inflamed when the latter spread false lies regarding the governor's first term.
apex
学び始める
the highest point
The Ivy League is considered the apex of the secondary education system.
aphorism
学び始める
a short instructive saying about a general truth
Nietzsche was known for using aphorisms; sometimes encapsulating a complex philosophical thought in a mere sentence.
apprehension
学び始める
anxiety or fear that something bad will happen
Test day can be one of pure apprehension; as many students worry about their test scores.
ascendancy
学び始める
the state that exists when one person or group has power over another
The ascendancy of the Carlsbad water polo team is clear--they have a decade of championships behind them.
avarice
学び始める
greed (one of the seven deadly sins)
The Spanish conquistadors were known for their avarice; plundering Incan land and stealing Incan gold.
boon
学び始める
a thing that is helpful or beneficial
Modern technology has been a boon to the travel industry.
candidness
学び始める
the quality of being honest and straightforward in attitude and speech
Although I was unhappy that the relationship ended; I appreciated her candidness about why she was ready to move on from the relationship.
catalyst
学び始める
something that speeds up an event
Rosa Park's refusal to give up her bus seat acted as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement; setting into motion historic changes for African-Americans.
chauvinist
学び始める
a person who believes in the superiority of their group
The chauvinist lives on both sides of the political spectrum; outright shunning anybody whose ideas are not consistent with his own.
check
学び始める
the condition of being held back or limited
When government abuses are not kept in check; that government is likely to become autocratic. This word has other definitions but this is the most important one for the GRE
clemency
学び始める
leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice
In the final moments of the trial; during his closing speech; Phillips was nearly begging the judge for clemency.
collusion
学び始める
agreement on a secret plot
Many have argued that Lee Harvey Oswald; JFK's assassin; was in collusion with other criminals; others maintain that Oswald was a lone gunman.
constraint
学び始める
something that limits or restricts
He found pop music a constraint on his ability to learn and preferred to listen to classical musical while studying.
conundrum
学び始める
a difficult problem
Computers have helped solve some of the mathematical conundrums which have puzzled man for many centuries.
cornucopia
学び始める
an abundant supply of something good
The International Food Expo was a cornucopia of culinary delights: gourmet foods from every continent were under one roof.
credence
学び始める
belief in something
He placed no credence in psychics; claiming that they offered no special powers beyond the ability to make people part with their money.
credulity
学び始める
tendency to believe readily
Virginia's wide-eyed credulity as a five-year old was replaced by suspicion after she learned that Santa Claus didn't really exist.
dearth
学び始める
a lack or shortage
I am surprised by the dearth of fast food chains; this is America and I assumed they were on every street.
decimation
学び始める
destroying or killing a large part of the population
The decimation after atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki is incomprehensible.
discord
学び始める
lack of agreement or harmony
Despite all their talented players; the team was filled with discord--some players refused to talk to others--and lost most of their games.
dispatch
学び始める
the property of being prompt and efficient
She finished her thesis with dispatch; amazing her advisors who couldn't believe she hadn't written 60 scholarly pages so quickly. This word has other definitions but this is the most important one for the GRE
dupe
学び始める
a person who is easily tricked or swindled
The charlatan mistook the crowd for a bunch of dupes; but the crowd was quickly on to him and decried his bald-faced attempt to bilk them.
egotist
学び始める
a conceited and self-centered person
An egotist; Natasha had few friends because of her inability to talk about anything except her dream of becoming the next American Idol.
enmity
学び始める
a state of deep-seated ill-will
Charles rude remark toward Sarah yesterday was due to his illness; not due to any real enmity toward Sarah.
euphoria
学び始める
a feeling of great (usually exaggerated) elation
The euphoria of winning her first gold medal in the 100 meter dash overwhelmed Shelly-Ann Fraser and she wept tears of immense joy.
foible
学び始める
a behavioral attribute that is distinctive and peculiar to an individual
When their new roommate sat staring at an oak tree for an hour; Marcia thought it indicated a mental problem; but Jeff assured her it was a harmless foible.
heyday
学び始める
the pinnacle or top of a time period or career
During the heyday of Prohibition; bootlegging had become such a lucrative business that many who had been opposed to the 18th Amendment began to fear it would be repealed.
hodgepodge
学び始める
a confusing mixture or jumble
Those in attendance represented a hodgepodge of the city's denizens: chimney sweepers could be seen sitting elbow to elbow with stockbrokers.
ingenuity
学び始める
the power of creative imagination
Daedalus was famous for his ingenuity; he was able to fashion his son Icarus with a pair of wings; using wax to hold them together.
inkling
学び始める
a slight suggestion or vague understanding
Lynne speaks four Romance languages; but she doesn't have an inkling about how East Asian languages are structured.
jargon
学び始める
a characteristic language of a particular group
To those with little training in medicine; the jargon of doctors can be very difficult to understand.
junta
学び始める
an aggressive takeover by a group (usually military)
As dangerous of a threat as North Korea is; some analysts believe that were a junta suddenly to gain power; it could be even more unpredictable and bellicose than the current leadership
malady
学び始める
a disease or sickness
The town was struck by a malady throughout the winter that left most people sick in bed for two weeks.
maxim
学び始める
a short saying expressing a general truth
Johnson initially suggests that the secret to business can be summarized in a single maxim but then requires a 300-page book to explain exactly what he means.
melancholy
学び始める
a deep; long-lasting sadness
Hamlet is a figure of tremendous melancholy: he doesn't have a truly cheerful scene throughout the entire play.
melee
学び始める
a wild; confusing fight or struggle
After enduring daily taunts about my name; I became enraged and pummeled the schoolyard bully and his sycophantic friends in a brutal melee.
misanthrope
学び始める
a hater of mankind
Hamilton had been deceived so many times in his life that he hid behind the gruff exterior of a misanthrope; lambasting perfect strangers for no apparent reason.
miscreant
学び始める
a person who breaks the law
Come back you miscreant! yelled the woman who just had her purse stollen.
miser
学び始める
a person who doesn't like to spend money (because they are greedy)
Monte was no miser; but was simply frugal; wisely spending the little that he earned.
misogynist
学び始める
a person who dislikes women in particular
Many have accused Hemingway of being a quiet misogynist; but recently unearthed letters argue against this belief.
moment
学び始める
significant and important value
Despite the initial hullabaloo; the play was of no great moment in Hampton's writing career; and within a few years the public quickly forgot his foray into theater arts. This word has other definitions but this is the most important one for the GRE
paucity
学び始める
a lack of something
There is a paucity of jobs hiring today that require menial skills; since most jobs have either been automated or outsourced.
perquisite
学び始める
a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right)
Even as the dishwasher at the French restaurant; Josh quickly learned that he had the perquisite of being able to eat terrific food for half the price diners would pay.
pinnacle
学び始める
the highest point
At its pinnacle; the Roman Empire extended across most of the landmass of Eurasia; a feat not paralleled to the rise of the British Empire in the 18th and 19th century.
pittance
学び始める
a small amount (of money)
Vinny's uncle beamed smugly about how he'd offered his nephew fifty dollars for his Harvard tuition; even twice the amount would have been a mere pittance.
ploy
学び始める
a clever plan to turn a situation to one's advantage
Dennis arranged an elaborate ploy; involving 14 different people lying for him in different situations; so that it could appear that he was meeting Mary completely by chance at the wedding reception.
powwow
学び始める
an informal meeting or discussion
Before the team takes the field; the coach always calls for a powwow so that he can make sure all the players are mentally in the right place.
precedent
学び始める
an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time
The principal explained that even though one student had done modelling work outside of school; the outfits that student wore in those photographs in no way established a precedent for what could be worn at school dances.
presumption
学び始める
audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to
The new neighbor quickly gained a reptuation for her presumption; she had invited herself to several of the neighbors homes; often stopping over at inopportune times and asking for a drink.
profusion
学び始める
the property of being extremely abundant
When Maria reported that she had been visited by Jesus Christ and had proof; a profusion of reporters and journalists descended on the town.
proponent
学び始める
a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea
Ironically; the leading proponent of Flat-Earth Theory flies all over the world in an effort to win more adherents.
qualm
学び始める
uneasiness about the fitness of an action
While he could articulate no clear reason why Harkner's plan would fail; he neverless felt qualms about committing any resources to it.
quandary
学び始める
state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options
Steve certainly is in a quandary: if he doesn't call Elaine; she will blame him for everything; but if he does call her; the evidence of where he currently is could cost him his job.
quip
学び始める
a witty saying or remark
"In one of the most famous quips about classical music; Mark Twain said: ""Wagner's music is better than it sounds."""
raft
学び始める
a large number of something
Despite a raft of city ordinances passed by an overzealous council; noise pollution continued unabated in the megalopolis. This word has other definitions but this is the most important one for the GRE
redress
学び始める
an act of making something right
Barry forgot his wife's birthday two years in a row; and was only able to redress his oversight by surprising his wife with a trip to Tahiti. This word has other definitions but this is the most important one for the GRE
reprobate
学び始める
a person who is disapproved of
Those old reprobates drinking all day down by the river--they are not going to amount to much.
reservation
学び始める
an unstated doubt that prevents you from accepting something wholeheartedly
I was initially excited by the idea of a trip to Washington; D.C. but now that I have read about the high crime statistics there; I have some reservations. This word has other definitions but this is the most important one for the GRE
resignation
学び始める
the acceptance of something unpleasant that can't be avoided
Since Jack could not think of a convincing reason why he had to miss the seminar; he attended it with a sense of resignation. This word has other definitions but this is the most important one for the GRE
respite
学び始める
a pause from doing something (as work)
Every afternoon; the small company has a respite in which workers play foosball or board games.
savvy
学び始める
a perceptive understanding
Although a great CEO; he did not have the political savvy to win the election.
screed
学び始める
an abusive rant (often tedious)
Joey had difficulty hanging out with his former best friend Perry; who; during his entire cup of coffee; enumerated all of the government's deficiencies--only to break ranks and launch into some screed against big business.
serendipity
学び始める
the instance in which an accidental; fortunate discovery is made
The invention of the 3M Post It Note was serendipitous; because the scientist who had come up with the idea was looking for a strong adhesive; the weak adhesive he came up with was perfect for holding a piece of paper in place but made it very easy for so
smattering
学び始める
a slight or superficial understanding of a subject; a small amount of something
I know only a smattering of German; but Helen is able to read German newspapers and converse with natives.
spendthrift
学び始める
one who spends money extravagantly
Taking weekly trips to Vegas; Megan was a spendthrift whose excesses eventually caught up to her.
stipend
学び始める
a regular allowance (of money)
He was hoping for a monthly allowance loan from the government; but after no such stipend was forthcoming he realized he would have to seek other means of paying for his college tuition.
summit
学び始める
a meeting of high-level leaders
Since climate change policy has been mired in congressional fighting; this summit should help set the goals for president's next term.
tact
学び始める
skill and sensitivity in dealing with others or with difficult issues; the ability to deal with people without offending or upsetting them
In a tremendous display of tact; Shelly was able to maintain a strong friendship with Marcia; even though Marcia's husband; Frank; confessed to finding Shelley more attractive than Marcia.
tirade
学び始める
an angry speech
In terms of political change; a tirade oftentimes does little more than make the person speaking red in the face.
travail
学び始める
use of physical or mental energy; hard work; agony or anguish
While they experienced nothing but travails in refinishing the kitchen; they completed the master bedroom in less than a weekend.
tribulation
学び始める
something; especially an event; that causes difficulty and suffering
As of 2013; nearly 1.5 million Syrians have fled their country hoping to escape the tribulations of a civil war tearing their country to pieces.
tumult
学び始める
a state of chaos; noise and confusion
Riots broke out just in front of our apartment building; and the tumult continued late into the night.
variance
学び始める
the quality of varying
"The cynic quipped; ""There is not much variance in politicians; they all seem to prevaricate""."
veneer
学び始める
covering consisting of a thin superficial layer that hides the underlying substance
Mark Twain referred to the Victorian Period in America as the "Gilded Age"; implying the ample moral corruption that lay beneath a mere veneer of respectability.
virago
学び始める
an ill-tempered or violent woman
Poor Billy was the victim of the virago's invective--she railed at him for a good 30-minutes about how he is the scum of the earth for speaking loudly on his cellphone in public.
zenith
学び始める
the highest point; culmination
At the zenith of his artistic career; Elvis was outselling any other artist on the charts.

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