ILSPT (02) - Basic English Vocabulary for Law

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質問 English 答え English
damages
学び始める
Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done (odszkodowanie)
to commit
学び始める
To send someone to prison or to a court (skierować)
judicial
学び始める
An adjective referring to a judge or the law (sądow(nicz)y)
innocent
学び始める
Not guilty of a crime (niewinny)
offence
学び始める
Any act which is not legal (wykroczenie)
lawyer
学び始める
A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business (prawnik)
dispute
学び始める
A disagreement or argument between parties (spór)
tribunal
学び始める
A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines special problems (trybunał)
case
学び始める
A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal proceeding (obrona)
judge
学び始める
An official who presides over a court (sędzia)
to plead
学び始める
To make an allegation in legal proceedings (odpowiadać na zarzuty oskarżenia)
defendant
学び始める
Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case (oskarżony, pozwany)
claimant
学び始める
A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court (powód)
settlement
学び始める
An agreement reached after an argument (porozumienie/ugoda sądowe/a)
to arrest
学び始める
To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime (aresztować)
hearing
学び始める
A case which is being heard by committee, tribunal or court of law (sprawa sądowa)
to convict
学び始める
To find that someone is guilty of a crime (uznać za winnego)
breach
学び始める
Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement (naruszenie)
to prosecute
学び始める
To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge (wnosić oskarżenie)
to appeal
学び始める
To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence (złożyć apelację)
to charge
学び始める
To say that someone has committed a crime (oskarżyć, postawić zarzut)
binding
学び始める
Having the legal ability to force someone to do something (wiążący)
civil
学び始める
An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or organizations (cywilny)
defence
学び始める
The arguments used when fighting a case
contract
学び始める
A legal agreement between two or more parties (umowa prawna)
criminal
学び始める
An adjective referring to crime (kryminalny, karny)
jury
学び始める
A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty in a trail (ława przysięgłych)
evidence
学び始める
A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or disprove something at a trial (materiał dowodowy)
to fine
学び始める
To order someone to pay money as a punishment (nałożyć karę grzywny)
injunction
学び始める
A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to do something (nakaz/zakaz sądowy)
accountable
学び始める
responsible for what had happened (odpowiedzialny)
impartial
学び始める
not biased or prejudiced (bezstronny)
pecuniary
学び始める
financial (pieniężny)
valid
学び始める
being acceptable because it is true or relevant (prawomocny)
unprecedented
学び始める
not having happened before (bezprecedensowy)
void
学び始める
not having any legal effect (nieważny)
admissible
学び始める
referring to evidence which a court will allow to be used (dopuszczalny)
unanimous
学び始める
where everyone votes in the same way (jednomyślny)
eligible
学び始める
able or allowed to do something (uprawniony)
irreconcilable
学び始める
very strong, so that it is not possible for two sides to reach an agreement (nie do pogodzenia)
gross (adj.)
学び始める
serious (rażący)
deductible
学び始める
able to be removed (możliwy do usunięcia)
insolvent
学び始める
not able to pay debts (niewypłacalny)
fiduciary
学び始める
acting as trustee for someone else, or being in a position of trust (powierniczy)
occupational
学び始める
referring to jobs and work (zawodowy)
exempt
学び始める
not required to pay, or not covered by law (zwolniony)
verbatim
学び始める
in the exact words (dosłowny)
unconditional
学び始める
with no conditions attached (bezwarunkowy)
feasible
学び始める
possible or practical (wykonalny)
redundant
学び始める
no longer needed or valid (zbędny)
solvent
学び始める
having enough money to pay debts (wypłacalny)
nominal
学び始める
a very small amount (symboliczny)
corporate
学び始める
referring to a company (firmowy)
open-ended
学び始める
with no fixed period, or with some items not specified (na czas nieokreślony)
litigious
学び始める
very willing to bring a lawsuit against someone to settle a disagreement (sporny)
nominee
学び始める
a person who is appointed to deal with financial or other matters on behalf of another person (nominat)
franchise
学び始める
a license to trade using a brand name and paying royalty for it
ombudsman
学び始める
someone who deals with complaints that people make against the government or public organizations (rzecznik praw obywatelskich)
guarantor
学び始める
somebody who gives a guarantee (poręczyciel, gwarant)
perjury
学び始める
the crime of telling a lie in a court of law (krzywoprzysięstwo)
tortfeasor
学び始める
somebody who has committed a civil wrong to somebody, entitling the victim to claim damages (sprawca czynu niedozwolonego)
compensation
学び始める
a payment made by a person or company to cover cost of damage or hardship which they have caused (rekompensata)
mediation
学び始める
an attempt by a third party to make the two sides in an argument agree (pośrednictwo)
debenture
学び始める
a document in which a company acknowledges it owes a debt and gives the company's assets as security (obligacja, skrypt dłużny)
liability
学び始める
the legal responsibility for paying someone for loss or damage incurred (odpowiedzialność prawna - obowiązek zapłaty, pasywa)
negligence
学び始める
a failure to give proper care to something, especially a duty or responsibility, with the result that a person or property is harmed (zaniedbanie)
goodwill
学び始める
the good reputation and trade with customers that a business firm has (dobre imię)
to indemnify
学び始める
to pay for loss or damage suffered (wynagrodzić)
to undetake
学び始める
to promise to do something (zobowiązać się)
to adjudicate
学び始める
to give a judgement between two parties (rozstrzygnąć)
to liquidate
学び始める
to sell assets or stock to raise cash (spieniężyć)
to entitle
学び始める
to have or give someone the right to do something (uprawnić)
to mediate
学び始める
to try to make to sides in an argument come to an agreement (pośredniczyć)
to draft
学び始める
to make a first rough plan of a document such as contract (sporządzany)
to defraud
学び始める
to trick someone so as to obtain money or goods illegally (oszukiwać)
to disclose
学び始める
to tell details (ujawnić)
to ban
学び始める
to forbid something, or make it illegal (zakazać)
to invalidate
学び始める
to make something no longer valid (unieważnić)
to waive
学び始める
to say that something is not necessary (zrzec się)
to grant
学び始める
to agree to give someone something, or to allow someone to do something (przyznać)
to ratify
学び始める
to approve officialy something that has already been decided (potwierdzać)
to blacklist
学び始める
to put goods, people or a company on a list of those that you will not deal with (wykluczyć)
to default
学び始める
to fail to carry out the terms of a contract, especially to fail to pay back a debt (nie wywiązać się)
to foreclose
学び始める
to take possession of a property because the owner cannot repay money they have borrowed using the property as security (zablokować dostęp)
to dispute
学び始める
to argue against something; to say that something is not correct (kwestionować)
to subcontract
学び始める
to agree with a company that they will do all or part of the work for a project (zlecić podwykonanie)
to infringe
学び始める
to make a product in the same way as another product which has been patented, and not pay royalties (naruszyć)
to certify
学び始める
to make an official declaration in writing (poświadczyć, uwierzytelnić)
to exempt
学び始める
to free someone from having to pay tax (zwolnić)
to wound up
学び始める
to put a company into liquidation (zlikwidować)
to allege
学び始める
to state, usually in giving evidence, that something has happened or is true (twierdzić)
to abide by
学び始める
to accept a rule or follow a custom (przestrzegać)
to vest
学び始める
to transfer to someone the legal ownership and possession of land or a right (przekazać, powierzyć)
to claim
学び始める
to ask for money (żądać)
to seek
学び始める
to ask for or try to do something (domagać się)

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