sem_2_listening_vocab

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質問 答え
Użyteczność, narzędzie
学び始める
An utility / A useful tool
A service or tool that provides practical benefits or usefulness.
W dużej mierze dzięki
学び始める
Thanks largely to... / Mainly due to...
Acknowledging a significant factor or cause that has contributed to a particular outcome.
Nieobciążony problemami
学び始める
Unencumbered by problems
Free from obstacles
Not burdened or hindered by difficulties or issues.
Niezależny przewodniczący
学び始める
an independent chair (chairman)
Non-affiliated chairperson
A chairperson of a board or committee who is not associated with any particular group or interest.
wzmocnić
学び始める
to reinforce
To strengthen
To make something stronger or more effective.
Oczywista oczywistość, sprawa oczywista, =rutyna
学び始める
A matter of course = a routine (to happen as a matter of course); obvious
Common practice
Something that happens as part of a regular or expected process.
Fundusz hedgingowy, zabezpieczający
学び始める
a hedge fund / Investment fund
A pooled investment fund that uses various strategies to generate returns for its investors.
Pociągnąć kogoś do odpowiedzialności
学び始める
to hold someone to account (responsible) / to call someone an answer
Słabsze wyniki, osiągać gorsze wyniki
学び始める
to Underperform
Podnosić pensje
学び始める
to push up (to raise) salaries
Dobrze/źle sobie radzić
学び始める
to fare well/badly (to do)
To perform well / poorly
Refers to how someone is doing or performing in a particular situation.
Średni staż pracy od X lat
学び始める
A median tenure of X years
(A Average length of service for X years)
The middle value of the years employees have worked for their current employer, arranged in ascending order.
namaścić
学び始める
to anoint / To consecrate- to make sb king or queen, to make sb holy
To consecrate
The act of applying oil or other substances to someone’s head or body as a religious or symbolic ritual.
Żenująca wpadka, porażka
学び始める
An embarrassing flop / A humiliating failure
(blunder, a failure)
A situation or event that is both unsuccessful and causes embarrassment or shame.
Sfałszować coś
学び始める
to falsify sth / To alter or manipulate
To change or modify something, often with the intention of deceiving or misrepresenting.
kwalifikacje akademickie
学び始める
Academic credentials
Educational qualifications
Refers to degrees, diplomas, certificates, or other educational achievements that demonstrate a person’s qualifications.
W obliczu śmierci, w ekstremalnych warunach
W skrajnych okolicznościach
学び始める
in extremis
In extreme circumstances
In a critical or desperate situation.
W górnym kwartylu = w górnych 25%
学び始める
In the top quartile of = in the top 25%
Among the highest 25%
Refers to being in the upper 25% of a group or category.
potężne siły zakłócające, destrukcyjne
学び始める
powerful disruptive forces
Significant agents of change
Influential factors or elements that significantly alter existing conditions or systems.
wyschnąć, wyczerpać się
学び始める
To run dry / To be depleted
To be depleted
To exhaust or use up completely.
Pula wewnętrznych kandydatów
rurociąg/potok
学び始める
Pipeline of internal candidates
Internal talent pool
A pool of potential candidates within an organization who may be considered for promotions or other roles.
W ostateczności, koniec końców
学び始める
In the last resort / As a final option
As a last option
Referring to a final or desperate course of action when all else has failed.
Urzędujący, sprawujący
学び始める
An incumbent / Officeholder
A person currently holding a particular office or position.
Zwolnić kogoś, wyrzucać z pracy
学び始める
To boot sb out = to sack sb / To dismiss
To terminate someone’s employment or position.
Spółka giełdowa, akcyjna
学び始める
A public company / Publicly traded company
A business entity whose shares are publicly traded on a stock exchange.
Dziedziczenie; następstwo prawne
学び始める
Succession / Sequence
The act or process of following in order or sequence.
zawieszenie broni
学び始める
cease-fire / truce
A temporary pause in fighting, typically one during which peace talks take place; a truce.
mundury wojskowe
学び始める
military fatigues (uniforms) / army uniform
The uniform worn by military personnel when performing menial or non-combat tasks.
osiągnąć punkt wrzenia (o napięciu między dwoma krajami)
学び始める
to reach a boiling point (about tension between two countries)
to come to a head
When a situation or conflict reaches its highest point of tension or intensity.
frekwencja w wyborach
学び始める
turnout at the elections / voter participation
The number or percentage of eligible voters who participate in an election.
kluczowy
学び始める
pivotal / crucial
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
kluczowa kwestia
学び始める
a pivotal issue
kluczowe wybory
学び始める
pivotal elections
zakaz startu w wyborach
学び始める
be barred from running in elections
be disqualified from electoral candidacy
To be legally prevented from standing as a candidate in an election.
nękać cały kraj
学び始める
to scourge across the country / to ravage across the country
to ravage across the country
To cause great suffering or devastation across a large area.
wegetacja
学び始める
vegetation
In a more general sense, vegetating can refer to living a monotonous life, devoid of mental or social activity
tlić się
学び始める
to smolder / smoulder / to burn slowly
To burn slowly with smoke but without flames.
pozostać czujnym
学び始める
to stay (remain) vigilant / to remain alert
To continue to keep careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.
zakłócać komuś sen
学び始める
to disturb sb's slumber / to interrupt sb’s sleep
To cause someone’s sleep to be interrupted or disturbed.
intruz
学び始める
a trespasser / intruder
A person entering someone else’s land or property without permission.
wtargnąć na czyjąś ziemię
学び始める
to trespass sb's land / intrude on sb’s land
A person entering someone else’s land or property without permission.
zawierać
学び始める
to contain / to restrain
To keep something harmful under control or within limits
powstrzymywać się
学び始める
to contain oneself / to control oneself
to keep one’s emotions in check.
ustawodawstwo
学び始める
legislation / law
Laws, considered collectively, that are enacted by a governing body.
spółka-matka
学び始める
a parent company / a holding company
A company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operations.
zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa narodowego
学び始める
a national security threat / a risk to national security
A person or situation that poses a potential danger to the safety and well-being of a nation.
pierwsza poprawka
学び始める
First Amendment / correction
The first amendment to the US Constitution, protecting freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly.
po drugiej stronie
学び始める
on the other side = on the other hand / alternatively
Referring to a position or viewpoint that is different from one’s current perspective.
zaprzeczyć (odrzucić) roszczenie
学び始める
to deny a claim / to reject a claim
To state that a claim or assertion is not true.
zrzuty pomocy humanitarnej
学び始める
airdrops of humanitarian aid / air delivery of humanitarian aid
The delivery of emergency supplies or aid to an area via dropping it from an aircraft.
największa gospodarka
学び始める
the biggest (largest) economy
The economy of a country or region that has the largest gross domestic product.
kłusownik
学び始める
a poacher / an illegal hunter
A person who hunts game or fish illegally.
polować na zwierzęta
学び始める
to hunt for animals / to pursue animals
The activity of pursuing and killing wild animals for food or sport.
sanktuarium
学び始める
a sanctuary / refuge
A place of safety or protection.
zostać zbombardowanym
学び始める
to be dive bombed / attacked from above
To be aggressively targeted or attacked, often unexpectedly.
cenne rogi
学び始める
precious horns / valuable antlers
Refers to the antlers of certain animals, which are highly valued.
nieskuteczny, niewydajny
学び始める
ineffective, inefficient
Not producing the desired results or lacking effectiveness.
wtrącanie się w coś
学び始める
interfering into sth / meddling in something
Involving oneself in a situation or matter where one’s involvement is not welcome or necessary.
być zbyt blisko prywatnych informacji
学び始める
be too close to private information
zablokować ustawę
学び始める
to kill the legislation / defeat a bill
To prevent a proposed law (bill) from being passed or approved.
być zasypywanym telefonami
学び始める
to be getting flooded with phone calls / inundated with calls
post
Ramadan jest miesiącem postu
学び始める
fasting / abstaining from food
Ramadan is a month of fasting
Voluntarily refraining from eating for a specific period, often for religious or health reasons.
niedożywienie
学び始める
malnutrition / undernourishment
A condition resulting from an inadequate or unbalanced diet, leading to health problems.
odwodnienie
学び始める
dehydration / lack of hydration
A state where the body lacks sufficient water, leading to health issues.
głód w Strefie Gazy
学び始める
famine in the Gaza Strip / food crisis in Gaza
A severe shortage of food in the Gaza Strip region, often resulting in hunger and suffering.
zerwać więzi z kimś/czymś
学び始める
to cut (break) ties with someone/something / sever connections
To deliberately end relationships or associations with someone or something.
pobrać coś z App Store
学び始める
to download sth from the App Store / install from app stores
To obtain and install an application (app) from online app stores.
uraza
学び始める
resentment / bitterness
A feeling of anger or displeasure due to perceived unfair treatment or wrongs.
odpłata
学び始める
retribution / retaliation
Punishment or revenge for a perceived wrongdoing or harm.
oddać głos
学び始める
to cast a ballot / vote
To participate in an election by marking a ballot to choose a candidate or express an opinion.
poddać coś próbie
学び始める
to put something to the test / test something
To assess or evaluate something by subjecting it to trials or experiments.
zdrowie demokracji
学び始める
the health of democracy / democratic well-being
The overall state and functioning of democratic institutions and processes.
prawie gwarantowane / niemal pewne
学び始める
all but guaranteed / nearly certain
Expressing a high degree of certainty or an extraordinary magnitude.
na skalę rzadko spotykaną
学び始める
on a scale rarely seen / on an uncommon scale
dezinformacja
学び始める
disinformation, misinformation / false information
Deliberately misleading or false information spread to deceive or manipulate.
wzmacniać
学び始める
to amplify / enhance
To increase the intensity, effect, or impact of something.
Głębokie fałszerstwo generowane przez sztuczną inteligencję
学び始める
AI-generated deep fake / Synthetic media
Falsified content created using artificial intelligence, often convincingly mimicking real people or events.
(co nadchodzi) w dół linii
学び始める
(what's coming) down the line / Future developments
Refers to upcoming events, trends, or changes that will occur in the future.
wiarygodne (źródło) informacji
学び始める
trustworthy (source of) information / reliable inf
Information from a credible and dependable source that can be trusted for accuracy and authenticity.
przejrzystość
学び始める
transparency, clarity, Openness
The quality of being clear, honest, and easily understood. It implies openness in processes, decisions, and communication.
dostarczanie informacji
学び始める
providence of information / Origin of information
The source or origin of information, often used to verify its authenticity or reliability.
zwodniczy
学び始める
deceptive, mindfucking / Misleading
Intentionally causing someone to believe something false or misleading.
przyznać, że
学び始める
to concede that / Acknowledge
To admit or recognize a fact, even if it contradicts one’s previous position or beliefs.
predyspozycje
学び始める
aptitude, predispositions / Skill
Natural ability or talent for a specific task or field.
uczestnik testu
学び始める
a test taker / a Examination participant
Someone who participates in an exam or test.
amerykański język migowy
学び始める
The American sign language / ASL
A visual language used by the Deaf community in the United States for communication.
różnorodność opcji
学び始める
a variety of options / Diverse choices
Multiple alternatives or selections available for a particular purpose.
przekomarzanie się
学び始める
badinage / Banter
Light-hearted and playful conversation or teasing.
Przepisy dotyczące równych płac
学び始める
Equal-pay laws / pay equity legislation
Laws aimed at ensuring equal pay for equal work, regardless of gender or other factors.
zdobyć dyplom (stopień naukowy) z ekonomii
学び始める
to earn a degree in economics / To obtain a degree in economics
Completing the necessary coursework and requirements to receive a degree in the field of economics.
Przystąpienie do egzaminu zawodowego
学び始める
to take a professional exam / To sit for a professional exam
Participating in an examination to demonstrate knowledge and competence in a specific profession or field.
Elastyczny harmonogram pracy
学び始める
A flexible work schedule / A customizable work timetable
A work arrangement that allows employees to adjust their working hours or days to accommodate personal needs.
Opiekunka do dziecka
学び始める
A childmilder, Babysitter
Zarabiać ułamek czyjejś pensji
学び始める
to earn a fraction of sb's salary / Receive a portion of someone's earnings
kara za macierzyństwo
学び始める
motherhood penalty / Maternal pay gap
Oznaka zaangażowania
学び始める
A sign of commitment / An indication of dedication
Potencjał przywódczy
学び始める
Leadership potential / Capacity for leadership
Mediana wynagrodzenia
学び始める
The median wage / The middle value of wages doubled
Refers to the middle wage value multiplied by two.
Dwukrotność
学び始める
Twofold, double
Przewyższać kogoś liczebnie
学び始める
To outnumber sb / To surpass in number
podwładny
学び始める
an underling / A subordinate
A person who is lower in rank or position within an organization or hierarchy.
dozorca
学び始める
A caretaker, doorman
Przeciągać - opóźniać, zatrzymywać, zatrzymywać postęp
学び始める
To stall - to delay, to stop, to stop progress
rosyjska służba wywiadowcza
学び始める
Russian intelligence / Russian spy agencies
wyrafinowanie
学び始める
Sophistication / Elegance
wykorzystywanie informacji
学び始める
exploitation of information / information abuse
przekazać komuś
学び始める
To hand over to sb / To transfer to someone
The highest-ranking officer in a company or organization
学び始める
CEO - Chief Executive Officer / Top executive
nacisk na innowacje
学び始める
Innovation effort / Research and development investment
okres życia produktu
学び始める
The lifetime of a product / product lifespan
ilość pieniędzy
学び始める
The amount of money / Total monetary value
To nie może tak trwać! Tak nie może być
学び始める
It can't go on! / Unsustainable
sądząc po
学び始める
Judging by / Based on
ostrzeżenia dotyczące zysku
学び始める
Profit warnings / Earnings alerts
ostatnie
学び始める
Recent / Recent past
Przyznać
学び始める
to admit / To acknowledge
To confess or recognize a fact, truth, or mistake.
flagowe marki
学び始める
Leading brands / Prominent companies
Well-established and widely recognized companies with a strong market presence.
wykańczać konkurencje
学び始める
to squeeze / To exert pressure
sprzedawca detaliczny
学び始める
A retailer / Retail store
A business that sells goods directly to consumers through physical or online stores.
Marka własna
学び始める
An own-label brand / Private label brand
A brand owned and sold exclusively by a retailer, often with the retailer’s name on the product.
Miejsce na półkach
学び始める
Space on shelves / shelf space / Retail display area
The physical area available on store shelves for displaying products.
gwarantować coś
学び始める
To guarantee sth // To assure
To provide a promise or assurance that something will happen or be delivered.
pod względem
学び始める
In terms of / Regarding
In terms of pay, this job is rewarding
zbyt długo
学び始める
Far too long / Excessively lengthy
Significantly longer than necessary or reasonable.
wyższe dochody
学び始める
Increased revenue / Higher income
A rise in the total income or sales generated by a business or organization.
rotacja zapasów/produktów
学び始める
Stock turnover / Inventory turnover (rotation)
The rate at which a company sells and replaces its inventory within a specific period.
zapewnić
学び始める
To ensure / To guarantee
To make certain or secure that something will happen or be done.
sprostać, zaspokoić potrzebę
学び始める
To meet a need / To fulfill a requirement
To satisfy a necessity or address a specific demand or problem.
lider na rynku
学び始める
A market leader / Industry frontrunner
A company or product that holds a dominant position in a particular market or industry.
skupić się na czymś
学び始める
To focus sth / To concentrate on sth
To direct attention, effort, or resources toward a specific goal or area.
zakończyć się
学び始める
To come to an end / To conclude
To reach the final stage or conclusion of a process or event.
ulepszenie produktu
学び始める
A product improvement / Enhanced product
A modification or enhancement made to an existing product to enhance its features or performance.
wprowadzić produkt na rynek
学び始める
To launch a product / To introduce a product
To release a new product into the market for the first time.
promować produkt
学び始める
To market a product / To promote a product
To create awareness, generate interest, and encourage sales of a product through advertising and other strategies.
skracać coś
学び始める
To get shorter / To decrease in height
The process of becoming less tall or having a reduced height.
wzrastać
学び始める
To get higher / To increase in height
The process of becoming taller or having an increased height.
Ta chwila już nadeszła
学び始める
The time is upon us. / The moment has arrived.
Indicates that a significant event or situation is imminent or happening now.
kwartał
学び始める
A quarter / One-fourth
A fraction representing 25% of a whole or a specific period of time (e.g., three months).
spodziewane dochody, zyski
学び始める
Expected earnings / Anticipated profits
The projected or forecasted financial gains a company or individual is likely to achieve.
zwalać winę na coś innego
学び始める
To blame bad weather / To attribute negative outcomes to weather conditions
Assigning responsibility for unfavorable events or results to adverse weather conditions.
do 60%
学び始める
Up to 60% / As much as 60%
Referring to a maximum or upper limit of 60%.
budżet na promocję
学び始める
A marketing budget / Advertising expenditure
The allocated funds specifically designated for marketing and promotional activities.
oferta promocyjna
学び始める
A promotional offer / Marketing incentive
A special deal, discount, or incentive designed to attract customers and boost sales.
sieć sklepów
学び始める
A chain of stores / Retail franchise
A group of retail outlets or stores operating under the same brand or ownership.
życzę im szczęścia
学び始める
Good luck to the / Best wishes for
Expressing positive hopes or encouragement for someone’s endeavors or future outcomes.
agencja reklamowa
学び始める
An ad agency / Advertising firm
A company specializing in creating and managing advertising campaigns for clients.
rada, porada
学び始める
(A piece of) advice / Guidance or recommendation
Suggestions or counsel given to someone to help them make informed decisions or take appropriate actions.
Wgląd
学び始める
Insight / Understanding or perception
A deep understanding or clear perception of a situation, problem, or concept.
w oparciu o, na podstawie
学び始める
Based on / Derived from
Indicates that something is founded on or supported by specific information, data, or evidence.
i tak dalej i tak dalej
学び始める
and so on / and so forth
kanał dystrybucji
学び始める
A distribution channel / Sales or delivery network
The path or route through which products or services reach consumers, including wholesalers, retailers, and online platforms.
unikać
学び始める
To avoid / To prevent / evade
projekt ustawy
学び始める
A bill of law / Proposed legislation
A formal proposal for a new law or an amendment to existing legislation.
uchwalenie ustawy
学び始める
To pass a law / Enact legislation
The process of approving and making a proposed bill into an official law.
administracja
学び始める
The Administration / Government authorities
Refers to the executive branch of government responsible for implementing laws and policies.
upoważnić kogoś do zrobienia czegoś
学び始める
to give (sb) authority to do sth = to authorize sb to do sth / Empower
wydanie nakazu deportacji
学び始める
To issue a deportation order / Order removal
długi
学び始める
Lengthy / Prolonged
bezpieczeństwo granic
学び始める
Border security / Border protection
Sprawiedliwość prawna vs. społeczna
学び始める
A justice vs justice / Legal justice vs social justice
egzekwować prawo
学び始める
To enforce a law / Implement
wstrzymywać coś (ponownie)
学び始める
To place sth (back) on hold / Temporarily suspend
rozprawa, przesłuchanie
学び始める
A hearing = an interrogation / Legal proceeding
A formal session where evidence is presented, witnesses testify, and legal matters are discussed.
rozpocząć
学び始める
To get underway / Begin
polityka? miara?
学び始める
A measure / Policy
An action, law, or regulation taken to address
zalety i wady czegoś
学び始める
The pros and cons to sth / Advantages and disadvantages
Ponowne rozważenie projektu ustawy
学び始める
The reconsideration of a bill / Rethinking legislation
profilowanie rasowe
学び始める
Racial profiling / Ethnic profiling
The practice of targeting individuals based on their race, ethnicity, or nationality, often by law enforcement or security agencies.
orzekać
学び始める
To adjucate / To judge
To make a legal judgment or decision in a court of law.
Zatykać (sądy okręgowe)
学び始める
To clog (county courts) / To congest
To cause congestion or excessive backlog, often in legal proceedings or administrative processes.
W ciągu kilku dni = z dnia na dzień
学び始める
In days = overnight / Very quickly
Refers to something happening rapidly or within a short time frame.
kluczowy składnik
学び始める
A key component / Vital element
An essential part or factor that contributes significantly to a larger system or process.
sprzedać coś na aukcji
学び始める
To auction sth off / To sell by auction
To sell items or property to the highest bidder through a public auction.
meteorol
学び始める
A meteorologist / Weather expert
A scientist or professional who studies and predicts weather patterns and atmospheric conditions.
zależeć od czegoś
学び始める
To be riding on the back of sth / To depend / hinge / rely on
Refers to a situation where success or progress relies heavily on another factor or circumstance.
zaćmienie słońca
学び始める
Solar eclipse / Sun’s shadow
An astronomical event where the moon passes between the Earth and the sun, temporarily blocking sunlight.
narastające oczekiwania
学び始める
Anticipation building / Growing expectation (rising, increasing)
The feeling of excitement or expectation as an event or moment approaches.
wzbudzający podziw
学び始める
Awe-inspiring / Breathtaking
Something that evokes wonder, admiration, or reverence due to its grandeur or beauty.
pospieszyć się gdzieś
学び始める
To scramble to a place / To hurry to
Moving quickly or urgently to reach a specific location or achieve a goal.
wykonać coś
学び始める
To do sth / To perform an action
zwierzęta nocne
学び始める
Nocturnal animals / Night creatures
Nocturnal animals Night creatures
zbiegać się w czasie
学び始める
To coincide / To align
To occur simultaneously or at the same time as another event or situation.
powierzchnia słońca
学び始める
The surface of the sun / Solar surface
warte obejrzenia
学び始める
To make some good viewing / To be worth watching
w szczególności
学び始める
In particular / Specifically
zmniejszyć wartość
学び始める
To devalue / To decrease in value
To reduce the worth, significance, or importance of something.
rosnące obawy
学び始める
Growing concerns / Increasing worries
The rising unease or apprehension about a particular issue or situation.
wyraz wsparcia
学び始める
A show of support / Display of solidarity
Demonstrating backing, encouragement, or alliance toward a cause, person, or group.
klonowanie głosu
学び始める
Voice cloning / Vocal replication
odszkodowanie
学び始める
Compensation / Reimbursement
Payment or benefit provided to make up for loss, damage, or inconvenience.
zabrać komuś pracę
学び始める
To take away sb’s work / To displace
To replace or eliminate someone’s job or role due to automation, restructuring, or other factors.
właściciel praw autorskich
学び始める
A rights holder / Copyright holder
A legal entity or person with exclusive rights to a protected copyright, trademark, or patent, and related rights.
w najbliższym czasie
学び始める
Any time soon / In the near future
Refers to something unlikely to happen soon or in the immediate future.
jest tutaj aby pozostać
学び始める
It is here to stay
uchwalić
学び始める
To pass an act / To enact legislation
The process of approving and making a proposed bill into an official law.
istota sprawy
学び始める
The bottom line / The essential point
The most important or fundamental aspect of a situation or argument.
mieć skłonność do czegoś
学び始める
(To have) a penchant for sth / To have a liking for / be prone to something
odwrócić się od czegoś
学び始める
To turn one’s back to sth ///To ignore or reject
brak
学び始める
(A lack) thereof / Absence of / shortage
Referring to the absence of something previously mentioned.
być wskazanym, aby ktoś coś zrobił
学び始める
To behoove sb to do sth/ To be advisable
To be appropriate, necessary, or advantageous for someone to do something.
efekt domina
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domino effect / knock-on effect
indirect result
układ
学び始める
pact / Layout
the way in which objects are arranged
władze lokalne
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local authority / municipality / Local government
governing body of a city, town or district (UK)
klauzula karalna
学び始める
penalty / punishable clause
part of contract that imposes punishment if certain conditions aren't satisfied
marnować / odrzucać
学び始める
refuse / waste / garbage
zatrzymanie, zachowanie
学び始める
Retention / Holding
money owed but not paid until work is approved
oferta przetargowa
学び始める
tender / bid
formal process by which suppliers bid for a contract
składowanie odpadów
学び始める
Using a landfill / storage of waste
recykling
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Recycling / Reuse
cena zasobów
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Price of resources / Resource cost
planowane postarzanie
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Planned obsolescence / Built-in obsolescence
innowacja
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an innovation / Creativity
usuwanie produktów
学び始める
Disposing of products / Product disposal

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