skurwysynska fonetyka

The main difference between the Polish and English vowel systems?

Number of vowels (monophthongs and dipthings), their quality, in English vovels are influenced by surrounding consonant more often

What's a vowel diagram?

It's a visual representation of where the vowels are articulated in the mouth.

3 main branches of phonetics

Articulatory Phonetics (how speech sounds are produced by the movement of articulators) Acoustic Phonetics (physical properties of speech, so frequency, duration etc) Auditory Phonetics (how sounds are percieved hy the ear and processed by brain)

Discuss vowel length in English.

It refers to the duration a vowel sound is held during pronounciation. English has both short and long vowels, and lenght can change the meaning of the word. It makes it a crucial element in English phonology.

Relationship between the position of a vowel in the diagram and shape of tongue and lips?

HIGH - tongue raised close to the roof of the mouth LOW - lowered away from the roof FRONT - tongue pushed toward the front of the mouth BACK - pulled toward the back of mouth

Difference between diphthongs and pure vowels

Diphthongs are complex vowel sounds sounds that involve a glide from one vowel position to another within' the same syllable. Pure vowels are simple vowel sounds with a single, unchanginf quality

What are Polish 'equivalents' of English diphthongs and how do they differ?

Polish doesn't have true diphthongs as English does. Instead iy has sequences of vowels that are articulated more separately.

Advice you would give a Polish person concerning the pronounciation of diphthongs.

Focus on mastering the glide from one vowel sound to another,. avoid using polish sounds

Why are centering diphthongs difficult for Poles? What should they avoid?

Polish doesn't have any centering dipthongs. Avoid inserting a consonant sound between em

The phenomenon of linking 'r'

Linking 'r' occurs in non-rhotic accents of English such as RP. 'R' is at the end of the word is pronounced ONLY if the next word begins with a vowel sound.

Discuss rhoticity in RP

Rhoticity refers to the pronounciation of the 'r' sound in all contexts. In Recieved Pronounciation, a non-rhotic accent, 'r' is not pronounced unless it's followed by a vowel sound.

Relation between tension and length in vowels.

Tense vowels are usually longer, Lax vowels are shorter.

discuss the absolute and relative vowel length

absolute violent refers to the inherent duration of a vowel sound irrespective of its phonetics context while relative vowel length considers the influence of surrounding sounds on vowel's duration.

What criteria should be taken into account in the classification of vowels?

TONGUE HEIGHT - hi, mid low TONGUE POSITION - front, center, back LIP ROUNDING - rounded or unrounded TENSENESS - tense or lax LENGTH - short or long

How would you teach the pronunciation of /i:/ and /i/ to a Polish person?

Avoid using polish 'i', ephasize the length and tension differences

Pronounciation of /e/ and /æ/

Don't use e-a, a-e, emphasize low-front tongue position and open jaw.

Pronounciation of /Λ/ and /a:/

central tongue position, relaxed lips for Λ, low-back tongue position and longer duration for /a:/. dont use polish A

Difference between/o/ and /o:/

O mid-back tongue position and rounded lips, for o: high tongue position and longer duration

Why is schwa /ə/ the most frequently used sound in English. Why is it difficult for Poles?

The schwa /ə/ is the most common vowel sound in English because it occurs in many unstressed syllables. Polish speakers might find the schwa difficult because polish vowels are typically more distinct and are not reduced in unstressed syllables

Distinction between lenis and fortis importance

the distinction between Lenis (voiced) and Fortis (voiceless) consonants is crucial for Polish Learners of English because it affects the meaning and intelligibility of words

What are the rules for the voicing of final consonants in Polish and English? provide examples

In English final consonants can be voiced or voiceless less depending on the word and this distinction can change the meaning. In Polish final obstruents are usually devoiced, meaning a voiced consonant at the end of a word becomes voiceless

Aspiration

Aspiration is a burst of breath that accompanies the release of certain consonant sounds, particularly voiceless plosives

Plosives

p-b / t-d / k-g

Why do we use aspiration?

Aspiration helps to distinguish between voiceless and voiced plosive consonants

Pronounciation of '-ed' ending in verbs

1. /t/ after voiceless consonants 2. /d/ after voiced consonants 3. /|d/ or /ed/ after /t/ or /d/

Fricative manner of articulation

Forcing the air through a narrow constriction in the vocal tract