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chata, chałupa
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cottage, cottage
cottage /ˈkɒtɪdʒ; US / noun [countable] a small and usually old house, especially in the country ▶ chata chałupa domek
serek wiejski
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cottage cheese
ˌcottage ˈcheese noun [uncountable] a type of soft white cheese in small wet lumps ▶ serek wiejski
bawełna
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cotton
cotton1 /ˈkɒtn; US / noun [uncountable] 1 a natural cloth or thread made from the thin white hairs of the cotton plant a cotton shirt a reel of cotton ▶ bawełna nić bawełniany 2 (US) = cotton wool
wata
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cotton wool
ˌcotton ˈwool (US (abˌsorbent) ˈcotton) noun [uncountable] a soft mass of cotton, used for cleaning the skin, cuts, etc. ▶ wata
kanapa, leżanka
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couch
couch1 /kaʊtʃ; US / noun [countable] a long seat, often with a back and arms, for sitting or lying on They were sitting on the couch in the living room. a doctor’s couch ▶ kanapa leżanka
kaszlnąć, odkaszlnąć
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cough, cough
2[transitive] cough (up) sth to send sth out of your throat and mouth with a sudden loud noise When he started coughing (up) blood (pluć krwią) I called the doctor. ▶ odkaszlnąć
cough1 /kɒf verb 1[intransitive] to send air out of your throat and mouth with a sudden loud noise, especially when you have a cold, have sth in your throat, etc. I could hear him coughing all night. Cigarette smoke makes me cough. ▶ kaszleć
kaszel
学び始める
cough
cough2 /kɒf; US / noun [countable] 1 an act or the sound of coughing He gave a nervous cough before he started to speak. ▶ kaszel 2 an illness or infection that makes you cough a lot Kevin’s got a bad cough. cough medicine ▶ kaszel
rada, zarząd
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council
2 a group of people chosen to give advice, manage affairs, etc. for a particular organization or activity a student council the Arts Council ▶ rada zarząd
[countable, with sing. or pl. verb] 1 a group of people who are elected to govern an area such as a town, city, etc. The county council has/have decided to build a new road. My father’s on the local council. ▶ rada (miejska/państwowa)
radny, radna
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councilor, councilor
councillor /ˈkaʊnsələ(r); US / noun [countable] a member of a council to elect new councillors ▶ radn-y/a
porada, doradztwo
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counselling
counselling /ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ/ [uncountable] professional advice and help given to people with problems Many students come to us for counselling. Marriage guidance counselling can sometimes prevent divorce. porada doradztwo poradnictwo pomoc psychologa
doradca, radca
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counsellor
counsellor (US counselor) /ˈkaʊnsələ(r); US / noun [countable] a person whose job is to give advice a marriage counsellor ▶ (do)radca
liczyć, przeliczać
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count, count
2[transitive] count sth to calculate the total number or amount of sth The teacher counted the children as they got on the bus. ▶ rachować przeliczać
1[intransitive] to say numbers one after another in order Close your eyes and count (up) to 20. to count from nought to 100 ▶ liczyć
wliczać, liczyć się
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count, count
4[intransitive] count (for sth) to be important or valuable I sometimes think my opinion counts for
[transitive] to include sb/sth when you are calculating an amount or number There were thirty people on the bus, not counting the driver. ▶ wliczać nothing at work. ▶ liczyć się
liczyć się, uważać na coś
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count, count
6[intransitive, transitive] to consider sb/sth in a particular way You should count yourself lucky to have a good job. On this airline, children over 12 count/are counted as adults. ▶ uważać za coś
5[intransitive] count (as sth) to be valid or accepted The referee had already blown his whistle so the goal didn’t count. Will my driving licence count as identification? ▶ liczyć się być uznawanym
nie mów hop, dopóki nie przeskoczysz
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don’t count your chickens (before they’re hatched)
don’t count your chickens (before they’re hatched) (used to say that you should not be too confident that sth will be successful because sth might still go wrong) ▶ nie mów hop, dopóki nie przeskoczysz
być uznawanym na czyjąś niekorzyść
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count against sb
count against sb to be considered as a disadvantage Do you think my age will count against me? ▶ być uznawanym na czyjąś niekorzyść
liczyć na kogoś
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to count on somebody
count on sb/sth to expect sth with confidence; to depend on sb/sth In England you can’t count on good weather in May. Can I count on you to help me tonight? ▶ liczyć na kogoś/coś polegać
odliczać coś, skreślać kogoś
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count sb/sth out
2(informal) to not include sb/sth If you’re going swimming, you can count me out! ▶ skreślać kogoś/coś nie brać kogoś/czegoś pod uwagę nie brać kogoś/czegoś w rachubę
count sb/sth out 1 to count things slowly, one by one She carefully counted out the money into my hand. ▶ odliczać coś przeliczać coś
kwestia, rachunek
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count
2[usually pl.] a point that is made in a discussion, argument, etc. I proved her wrong on all counts (pod każdym względem). ▶ kwestia 3 a title for a man of noble birth in some European countries ▶ hrabia
1[usually sing.] an act of counting or a number that you get after counting At the last count, there were nearly 2 million unemployed. Can you do a quick count of how many people want to go? ▶ obliczanie rachunek liczba liczenie
policzalny
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countable
countable /ˈkaʊntəbl; US / adj. that can be counted ‘Chair’ is a countable noun, but ‘sugar’ isn’t. Countable nouns are marked ‘ [C]’ in this dictionary. ▶ policzalny  OPPOSITE  uncountable
odliczanie
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countdown
the countdown to the lift-off of a rocket • (figurative) The countdown to this summer’s Olympic Games has started. ▶ odliczanie (np. czasu)
countdown /ˈkaʊntdaʊn; US / noun [countable] the act of saying numbers backwards to zero just before sth important happens
lada, licznik
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counter
2 a small object (usually round and made of plastic) that is used in some games to show where a player is on the board ▶ pionek żeton 3 an electronic device for counting sth The needle on the rev counter soared. ▶ licznik
counter1 /ˈkaʊntə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 a long, flat surface in a shop, bank, etc. where customers are served The man behind the counter in the bank was very helpful. ▶ lada kontuar
przeciwdziałać, neutralizować
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counteract, neutralize
counteract /ˌkaʊntərˈækt; US / verb [transitive] to reduce the effect of sth by acting against it measures to counteract traffic congestion ▶ przeciwdziałać neutralizować
kontraatak
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counterattack
ˈcounter-attack noun [countable] an attack made in reaction to an enemy or opponent’s attack ▶ kontratak kontrnatarcie przeciwuderzenie □ counter-attack verb [intransitive, transitive] ▶ kontratakować
przeciwny do ruchu wskazówek zegara
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anticlockwise
anticlockwise /ˌæntiˈklɒkwaɪz; adv., adj. in the opposite direction to the movement of the hands of a clock Turn the lid anticlockwise/in an anticlockwise direction. ▶ przeciw-nie/ny do ruchu wskazówek zegara
odpowiednik
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counterpart
counterpart /ˈkaʊntəpɑ: t; US / noun [countable] a person or thing that has a similar position or function in a different country or organization the French President and his Italian counterpart ▶ odpowiednik
ze skutkiem odwrotnym do oczekiwanego
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counterproductive
counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv; US / adj. having the opposite effect to the one you want It can be counterproductive to punish children. Increases in taxation would be counterproductive. ▶ ze skutkiem odwrotnym (do oczekiwanego)
kontrrewolucja
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counterrevolution
ˌcounter-ˌrevoˈlution noun [countable, uncountable] opposition to or violent action against a government that came to power as a result of a revolution, in order to destroy and replace it to stage a counter-revolution the forces of counter-revolution
kontrasygnować
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countersign
countersign /ˈkaʊntəsaɪn; US / verb [transitive] (technical) to sign a document that has already been signed by another person All orders must be countersigned by one of the directors. ▶ kontrasygnować (np. czek)
antyterrorysta
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ˌcounter-ˈterrorism
ˌcounter-ˈterrorism noun [uncountable] action taken to prevent the activities of political groups who use violence to try to achieve their aims ▶ antyterroryzm □ ˌcounter-ˈterrorist adj. ▶ antyterrorystyczny
niezliczony
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countless
countless /ˈkaʊntləs; US / adj. [only before a noun] very many I’ve tried to phone him countless times but he’s not there. ▶ niezliczony
kraj, teren
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country, area
rodak, rodaczka
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countryman
countryman /ˈkʌntrimən; US / noun [countable] (pl. -men /-mən; US /) a person from your own country (1) The Italian Castorri beat his fellow countryman Rossi in the final. ▶ roda-k/czka
krajobraz wiejski, kanapa
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the countryside
the countryside /ˈkʌntrɪsaɪd; US / noun [uncountable] land which is away from towns and cities, where there are fields, woods, etc. From the hill there is a magnificent view of the surrounding countryside. ▶ krajobraz wiejski okolica
hrabstwo
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a county
county /ˈkaʊnti; US / noun [countable] (pl. counties) (abbr.Co. /kəʊ; US /) an area in Britain, Ireland or the US which has its own local government the county of Nottinghamshire Orange County, California ▶ hrabstwo ⇨ look at province, stateSlo
para
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a couple
⇨ look at pair  IDIOMS  a couple of people, things, etc. 1 two people, things, etc. I need a couple of glasses. ▶ para 2 a few I last saw her a couple of months ago. I’ve been to London a couple of times but I don’t know it very well. ▶ parę
two people who are together because they are married or in a relationship Are Mike and Jill a couple, or just friends? a married couple małżeństwo Is/Are that couple over there part of our group? ▶ para
łączyć
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couple
couple2 /ˈkʌpl; US / verb [transitive, usually passive] to join or connect sb/sth to sb/sth else The fog, coupled with the amount of traffic on the roads, made driving very difficult. ▶ łączyć wiązać ze sobą
talon, kupon
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coupon, coupon
2 a printed form in a newspaper or magazine which you use to order goods, enter a competition, etc. To place your order, simply fill in the coupon at the bottom of this page. ▶ kupon
coupon /ˈku: pɒn; US ˈkju:- / noun [countable] 1 a small piece of paper which you can use to buy goods at a lower price, or which you can collect and then exchange for goods a coupon worth 10% off your next purchase ▶ talon kupon
odwaga
学び始める
courage
She showed great courage all through her long illness. You’ve got to have courage to sing in front of all those people. ▶ odwaga □ courageous /kəˈreɪdʒəs; US / adj. a courageous decision ▶ odważny
courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ; US ˈkɜ: r- / noun [uncountable] the ability to control fear in a situation that may be dangerous or unpleasant It took real courage to go back into the burning building.
cukinia
学び始める
a courgette
courgette /kʊəˈʒet; kɔ:ˈʒet; US / (especially US zucchini /zuˈki: ni; US / (pl. zucchini or zucchinis) noun [countable] a long vegetable with dark green skin that is white inside ▶ cukinia
posłaniec, kurier
学び始める
courier
2 a person whose job is to look after a group of tourists ▶ pilot/ka wycieczki
courier /ˈkʊriə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 a person whose job is to carry letters, important papers, etc., especially when they are urgent The package was delivered by motorcycle courier. ▶ kurier goniec posłaniec
kurs
学び始める
a course
The hijackers forced the captain to change course and head for Cuba. to be on/off course trzymać się kursu/zbaczać z kursu The road follows the course of the river. • (figurative) I’m on course to finish this work by the end of the week. ▶ kurs
1[countable] a course (in/on sth) I’ve decided to enrol on a computer course. I’m going to take/do a course in French. ▶ kurs 2[countable, uncountable] the route or direction that sth, especially an aircraft, ship or river, takes
danie
学び始める
a course
5 [countable] the first, second, third, etc. separate part of a meal a three-course lunch I had chicken for the main course. ▶ danie ⇨ look at dish1 (3) ⇨ note at restaurant
4[sing.] the development of sth over a period of time events that changed the course of history In the normal course of events (w naturalnej kolei rzeczy) such problems do not arise. ▶ bieg tryb
oczywiście
学び始める
of course
of course Of course, having children has changed their lives a lot. Of course it can be repaired but I think it will be too expensive to do it. ‘ Can I use your phone?’ ‘ Of course (you can).’ ▶ oczywiście naturalnie
z upływem czasu, w trakcie czegoś
学び始める
in the course of sth
in the course of sth during sth He mentioned it in the course of conversation. ▶ w trakcie czegoś in the course of time when enough time has passed I’m sure that all these problems will be sorted out in the course of time. ▶ z czasem
podręcznik
学び始める
coursebook
coursebook /ˈkɔ: sbʊk; US / noun [countable] a book for studying from that is used regularly in class ▶ podręcznik
sąd
学び始める
a court
Minor cases are often heard in a magistrate’s court. A man has been charged and will appear in court tomorrow. Bill’s company are refusing to pay him so he’s decided to take them to court (pozwać ich do sądu). a courtroom sala sądowa ▶ sąd
1[countable, uncountable] (also ˌcourt of ˈlaw pl. courts of law) Brit. also ˈlaw court) the place where legal trials take place and crimes, etc. are judged the civil/criminal courts Her lawyer made a statement outside the court
uprzejmy, grzeczny
学び始める
courteous
courteous /ˈkɜ: tiəs; US / adj. polite and pleasant, showing respect for other people The assistant was courteous and helpful. ▶ uprzejmy grzeczny  OPPOSITE  discourteous □ courteously /; US / adv. ▶ uprzejmie grzecznie
uprzejmość
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courtesy
2[countable] (formal) a polite thing that you say or do when you meet people in formal situations The two presidents exchanged courtesies before their meeting. ▶ uprzejmość kurtuazja
courtesy /ˈkɜ: təsi; US / noun (pl. courtesies) 1[uncountable] polite and pleasant behaviour that shows respect for other people She didn’t even have the courtesy to say that she was sorry. ▶ uprzejmość kurtuazja grzeczność
gmach sądu
学び始める
courthouse
courthouse /ˈkɔ: thaʊs; US / noun [countable] 1 (especially US) a building containing courts of law ▶ gmach sądu sąd ⇨ note at court 2 (in the US) a building containing the offices of a county government ▶ budynek administracji okręgowej
sąd wojskowy
学び始める
military court
ˌcourt ˈmartial noun [countable] a military court that deals with matters of military law; a trial that takes place in such a court His case will be heard by a court martial. ▶ sąd wojskowy □ court-martial ▶ oddawać kogoś pod sąd wojskowy
sala rozpraw
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courtroom
courtroom /ˈkɔ: tru: m; -rʊm; US / noun [countable] a room in which trials or other legal cases are held ▶ sala rozpraw sala sądowa
dziedziniec, podwórze
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courtyard, yard
courtyard /ˈkɔ: tjɑ: d; US / noun [countable] an area of ground, without a roof, that has walls or buildings around it, for example in a castle or between houses or flats ▶ dziedziniec podwórze
kuzyn, kuzynka
学び始める
cousin cousin
Tym samym słowem określa się zarówno brata ciotecznego, jak i siostrę cioteczną. Second cousin to dziecko brata ciotecznego lub siostry ciotecznej twojego ojca/twojej matki.
cousin /ˈkʌzn; US / (also ˌfirst ˈcousin) noun [countable] the child of your aunt or uncle Paul and I are cousins. ▶ brat/siostra cioteczn-y/a brat/siostra stryjeczn-y/a kuzyn/ka
zatoczka
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cove
cove /kəʊv; US / noun [countable] a small area of the coast where the land curves round so that it is protected from the wind, etc. a sandy cove ▶ zatoczka
pokrywać, okrywać
学び始める
cover
She was asleep on the sofa so he covered her over with a duvet. I covered the floor with newspaper before I started painting. • (figurative) Paula laughed to cover (by ukryć) her embarrassment. ▶ przykrywać okrywać osłaniać
1[transitive] cover sb/sth (up/over) (with sth) to put sth on or in front of sth to hide or protect it Could you cover the food and put it in the fridge? She couldn’t look any more and covered her eyes.
pokrywać, zajmować
学び始める
cover
3[transitive] to fill or spread over a certain area The floods cover an area of about 15 000 square kilometres. ▶ pokrywać zajmować
2[transitive] cover sb/sth in/with sth to be on the surface of sth; to make sth do this A car went through the puddle and covered me with mud. Graffiti covered the walls. The eruption of the volcano covered the town in a layer of ash. ▶ pokrywać
obejmować, zawierać
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cover
I think we’ve covered everything. Now, does anyone have a question? My sales team covers (działa na) the north of the country ▶ obejmować 5[transitive] to be enough money for sth We’ll give you some money to cover your expenses. ▶ pokrywać
4[transitive] to include or to deal with sth The course covered both British and European naval history. Part-time workers are not covered by the law. To prawo nie obejmuje osób pracujących na części etatu. All the papers covered the election in depth.
ubezpieczać, przebywać
学び始める
cover
▶ zastępować (kogoś) 8[transitive] cover sb/sth against/for sth to protect sb/sth with insurance The insurance policy covers us for any damage to our property. The policy even covers your furniture. ▶ ubezpieczać
6[transitive] to travel a certain distance We covered about 500 kilometres that day. ▶ przebywać 7[intransitive] cover (for sb) to do sb’s job while they are away from work Matt’s phoned in sick today so we’ll have to find someone to cover.
pokryć koszty czegoś
学び始める
cover the cost of something
cover the cost (of sth) to have or make enough money to pay for sth We made so little money at our school dance that we didn’t even cover the cost of the band. ▶ pokrywać koszt (czegoś)
ukrywać, coś, kryć
学び始める
cover
cover sth up to prevent people hearing about a mistake or sth bad The police have been accused of trying to cover up the facts of the case. ▶ ukrywać coś kryć (fakty)
osłaniać kogoś
学び始める
cover up for sb
cover up for sb to hide sb’s mistakes or crimes in order to protect them His wife covered up for him to the police. ▶ osłaniać kogoś (przed odpowiedzialnością)
pokrywa, osłona
学び始める
cover, cover
2[uncountable] protection from the weather, damage, etc. When the storm started we had to take cover in a shop doorway. When the gunfire started everyone ran for cover. You should grow these plants indoors or under cover. ▶ schronienie osłona
1[countable] something that is put on or over sth, especially in order to protect it a plastic cover for a computer a duvet cover poszwa na kołdrę ▶ pokrywa przykrycie osłona
okładka, ubezpieczenie, przykrycie
学び始める
cover
4[uncountable] cover (against sth) insurance against sth The policy provides cover against theft. accident cover ▶ ubezpieczenie 5(the covers) [pl.] the sheets, etc. on a bed She threw back the covers and leapt out of bed. ▶ przykrycie
3[countable] the outside part of a book or magazine I read the magazine from cover to cover (od deski do deski). ▶ okładka
parawan, zastępstwo
学び始める
cover
7[uncountable] doing sb’s job for them while they are away from work Joanne’s off next week so we’ll have to arrange cover. During the ambulance drivers’ strike the army provided emergency cover. ▶ zastępstwo (za kogoś)
6[countable, uncountable] a cover (for sth) something that hides what sb is really doing The whole company was just a cover for all kinds of criminal activities. police officers working under cover ▶ parawan maska
pod osłoną czegoś
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under cover of something
under (the) cover of sth hidden by sth They attacked under cover of darkness. ▶ pod osłoną czegoś
regulacja, szczegółowe omówienie
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coverage
2 the amount or quality of information included in a book, magazine, etc. The grammar section provides coverage of all the most problematic areas. ▶ szczegółowe omówienie
coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the act or amount of reporting on an event in newspapers, on TV, etc. TV coverage of the Olympic Games was excellent. ▶ relacja doniesienie
płata za wstęp
学び始める
ˈcover charge
ˈcover charge noun [countable] an amount of money that you pay in some restaurants in addition to the cost of each customer’s food and drink ▶ opłata za wstęp
pod dachem, pokryty
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covered
2 having a cover, especially a roof a covered shopping centre ▶ pod dachem zadaszony
covered in/with sth having a layer or a large amount of sth on sb/sth The victim was lying on the floor, covered in blood. She was covered in mud/sweat/dust. nuts covered with chocolate ▶ pokryty przykryty
pokrywa
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covering
covering /ˈkʌvərɪŋ; US / noun [countable] something that covers the surface of sth There was a thick covering of dust over everything. ▶ pokrywa warstwa
list motywacyjny
学び始める
covering letter
ˌcovering ˈletter noun [countable] a letter that you send with a package, etc. that gives more information about it To apply for the job, send your CV with a covering letter. ▶ list przewodni
krowa, samica
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cow
cow /kaʊ; US / noun [countable] 1 a large female animal that is kept on farms to produce milk to milk a cow ▶ krowa the adult female of certain large animals, for example elephants ▶ samica (niektórych zwierząt) słonica
tchórz
学び始める
coward
□ cowardly /; US / adj. ▶ tchórzliwy bojaźliwy
coward /ˈkaʊəd; US / noun [countable] a person who has no courage and is afraid in dangerous or unpleasant situations I hate going to the dentist’s because I’m a terrible coward. I was too much of a coward to argue. ▶ tchórz
tchórzostwo
学び始める
cowardice
cowardice /ˈkaʊədɪs; US / noun [uncountable] a lack of courage; behaviour that shows that you are afraid I was ashamed at the cowardice I showed in running away. ▶ tchórzostwo
kulić się ze strachu
学び始める
cower
cower /ˈkaʊə(r); US / verb [intransitive] to move back or into a low position because of fear The dog cowered under the table when the storm started. ▶ kulić się (ze strachu)
pierwiosnek, kwiat
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cowslip
cowslip /ˈkaʊslɪp; US / noun [countable] a small wild plant with yellow flowers with a sweet smell ▶ pierwiosnek (Primula veris) ⇨ look at primrose
pozornie nieśmiały
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coy
□ coyly /; US / adv. ▶ nieśmiało wstydliwie niechętnie
pretending to be shy or innocent a coy smile ▶ (pozornie) nieśmiały wstydliwy 2 not wanting to give information about sth or to answer questions that tell people too much about you Don’t be coy – tell me how much you earn. ▶ nieskory niechętny
krab
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a crab
crab /kræb; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] a sea animal with a flat shell and ten legs that moves sideways. The front two legs have pincers on them. ▶ krab 2[uncountable] the meat from a crab ▶ krab
pękać
学び始める
crack
2[transitive] to break sth open Crack two eggs into a bowl. ▶ rozbijać rozłupywać 3[transitive] to hit a part of your body against sth; to hit sb with sth She stood up and cracked her head on the cupboard door. ▶ trzaskać walić
1 [intransitive, transitive] to break or to make sth break so that a line appears on the surface, but without breaking into pieces Don’t put boiling water into that glass – it’ll crack. The stone cracked the windscreen but didn’t break it. ▶ pękać
pęknięcie
学び始める
crack
3[countable] a sudden loud, sharp sound There was a loud crack as the gun went off. ▶ trzask 4[countable] a hard hit on a part of the body Suddenly a golf ball gave him a nasty crack on the head. ▶ uderzenie
[countable] a line on the surface of sth where it has broken, but not into pieces If you look closely, you can see hairline cracks in the paintwork. ▶ pęknięcie rysa 2[countable] a narrow opening a crack in the curtains ▶ pęknięcie szpara
pęknięty
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cracked
cracked /krækt; US / adj. damaged with lines in its surface but not completely broken a cracked mirror/mug He suffered cracked ribs and bruising. ▶ pęknięty
trzeszczeć
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crackle
crackle /ˈkrækl; US / verb [intransitive] to make a series of short, sharp sounds The radio started to crackle and then it stopped working. ▶ trzeszczeć □ crackle noun [sing.] the crackle of dry wood burning ▶ trzaskanie
kołyska
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cradle
cradle2 /ˈkreɪdl; US / verb [transitive] to hold sb/sth carefully and gently in your arms He cradled her head in his arms until the ambulance came. ▶ trzymać coś ostrożnie niańczyć piastować
cradle1 /ˈkreɪdl; US / noun [countable] a small bed for a baby. Cradles can often be moved from side to side: (figurative) Greece was the cradle (kolebką) of democracy. ▶ kołyska
rzemiosło
学び始める
craft
2[countable] any job or activity for which you need skill He regards acting as a craft. ▶ sztuka kunszt 3[countable] (pl. craft) a boat, aircraft or spacecraft a pleasure craft ▶ statek samolot
1 [countable, uncountable] a job or activity for which you need skill with your hands an arts and crafts exhibition craft, design and technology (CDT) (przedmiot nauczany w brytyjskich szkołach średnich) ▶ rzemiosło ⇨ look at handicraft
rzemieślnik
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a craftsman
craftsman /ˈkrɑ: ftsmən; US ˈkræf- / noun [countable] (pl. -men /-mən; US /) a person who makes things in a skilful way, especially with their hands All the furniture we sell is made by craftsmen. ▶ rzemieślnik
rzemiosło
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craftsmanship
craftsmanship /ˈkrɑ: ftsmənʃɪp; US ˈkræf- / noun [uncountable] the skill used by sb to make sth of high quality with their hands ▶ rzemiosło
wpychać, wtłaczać
学び始める
cram
2[intransitive] cram in (sth); cram into/onto sth to move, with a lot of other people, into a small space He only had a small car but they all managed to cram in. ▶ wtłaczać się
(cramming; crammed) 1[transitive] cram sb/sth in (sth); cram sb/sth into/onto sth to push people or things into a small space I managed to cram all my clothes into the bag but I couldn’t close it. ▶ wpychać wciskać na/ładować napychać
napchany, zapchany
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crammed
crammed /kræmd; US / adj. very or too full That book is crammed with useful information. Athens is crammed with tourists in the summer. ▶ napchany zapchany
skurcz
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cramp
cramp /kræmp; US / noun [uncountable, countable] a sudden pain that you get in a muscle, that makes it difficult to move ▶ skurcz
zatłoczony
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cramped
cramped /kræmpt; US / adj. not having enough space The flat was terribly cramped with so many of us living there. ▶ zatłoczony
żurawina
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cranberry
cranberry /ˈkrænbəri; US -beri / noun [countable] (pl. cranberries) a small round red fruit that tastes sour and is used in cooking cranberry sauce ▶ żurawina żurawinowy
dźwig, żuraw
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crane, crane
crane1 /kreɪn; US / noun [countable] a large machine with a long metal arm that is used for moving or lifting heavy objects ▶ dźwig żuraw
szczelina
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cranny
cranny /ˈkræni; US / noun [countable] (pl. crannies) a small opening in a wall, rock, etc. ▶ szczelina szpara
zderzenie, trzask
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crash, crash
2 a sudden loud noise made by sth breaking, hitting sth, etc. I heard a crash and ran outside. ▶ trzask łoskot huk łomot
1 an accident when a car or other vehicle hits sth and is damaged a car crash wypadek samochodowy She was injured in a serious car crash. a plane crash with no survivors ▶ zderzenie katastrofa (np. lotnicza)
zderzać się, huczeć
学び始める
crash
2[intransitive] to hit sth hard, making a loud noise The tree crashed to the ground. The elephant went crashing through the jungle. ▶ zwalać się/przebijać się z trzaskiem
1[intransitive, transitive] to have an accident in a vehicle; to drive a vehicle into sth He braked too late and crashed into the car in front. He crashed his father’s car. ▶ zderzać się wjeżdżać w/na
kask
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a helmet
ˈcrash helmet noun [countable] a hard hat worn by motorbike riders, racing drivers, etc. ▶ kask hełm
lądować awaryjnie
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crash-land
ˌcrash-ˈland verb [intransitive, transitive] to land a plane in a dangerous way in an emergency ▶ lądować w trybie awaryjnym □ ˌcrash ˈlanding noun [countable] to make a crash landing ▶ lądowanie awaryjne
skrzynia, paka
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crate
crate /kreɪt; US / noun [countable] a large box in which goods are carried or stored We had to pack everything into crates when we moved house. a crate of beer ▶ paka skrzynka skrzynia
krater, lej
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crater
crater /ˈkreɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 the hole in the top of a volcano, through which hot gases and liquid rock are forced ▶ krater 2 a large hole in the ground The bomb left a large crater. craters on the moon ▶ krater lej (np. po bombie)
pełzać, czołgać się
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to crawl
2 (used about vehicles) to move very slowly The traffic crawls through the centre of town in the rush hour. ▶ wlec się
crawl1 /krɔ: l; US / verb [intransitive] 1 to move slowly with your body on or close to the ground, or on your hands and knees Their baby has just started to crawl (raczkować). An insect crawled across the floor. ▶ pełzać czołgać się
kraul, żółwie tempo
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crawl
2 (often the crawl) [sing., uncountable] a style of swimming ▶ kraul
noun 1 [sing.] a very slow speed The traffic slowed to a crawl. ▶ wleczenie się żółwie tempo
szaleństwo, mania
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craze
2 something that a lot of people are very interested in Pocket TVs are the latest craze among teenagers. ▶ szaleństwo/szał na punkcie czegoś mania
craze /kreɪz; US / noun [countable] a craze (for sth) 1 a strong interest in sth, that usually only lasts for a short time There was a craze for that kind of music last year. ▶ szaleństwo/szał (na punkcie czegoś) mania
szaleństwo
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craziness
—craziness /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ szaleństwo wariactwo dzikość
skrzypieć, zgrzytać
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creak
□ creak noun [countable] ▶ skrzyp zgrzyt skrzypienie zgrzytanie
creak /kri: k; US / verb [intransitive] to make the noise of wood bending or of sth not moving smoothly The floorboards creaked when I walked across the room. The lift creaked to a halt. ▶ skrzypieć zgrzytać
skrzypiący, zgrzytający, trzeszczący
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creaky
creaky /ˈkri: ki; US / adj. 1 makingcreaks a creaky old chair ▶ skrzypiący zgrzytający trzeszczący 2 old and not in good condition the country’s creaky legal machinery ▶ (przen.) chwiejny
śmietanka, krem
学び始める
cream, cream
elita 2[countable, uncountable] a substance that you rub into your skin to keep it soft or as a medical treatment (an) antiseptic cream ▶ krem
1 [uncountable] the thick yellowish-white liquid that rises to the top of milk coffee with cream strawberries and cream whipped cream bita śmietana ▶ śmietan(k)a ⇨ look at sour cream
kremowy
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cream
cream2 /kri: m; US / adj. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW of a yellowish-white colour ▶ kremowy □ cream noun [uncountable] kolor kremowy
gęsty, kremowy
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creamy
(creamier; creamiest) 1 containing cream; thick and smooth like cream a creamy sauce ▶ śmietan(k)owy gęsty kremowy aksamitny 2 having a light colour like cream creamy skin ▶ koloru kremowego
zmarszczka, kant, zagięcie
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crease
2 a tidy straight line that you make in sth, for example when you fold it He had a sharp crease in his trousers. ▶ kant zagięcie fałda
1 an untidy line on paper, material, a piece of clothing, etc. that should not be there When I unrolled the poster, there was a crease in it. Your shirt needs ironing – it’s full of creases (jest cała pognieciona). ▶ zmarszczka zagięcie fałda
gnieść się, marszczyć się
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crease
verb [intransitive, transitive] to get creases; to make sth get creases Hang up your jacket or it will crease. I creased my skirt by sitting on the floor. Crease the paper carefully down the middle. ▶ gnieść (się) miąć (się) marszczyć (się)
tworzyć, powodować, kreować
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create
create /kriˈeɪt; US / verb [transitive] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW to cause sth new to happen or exist a plan to create new jobs in the area William created a bad impression (zrobił złe wrażenie) at the interview. ▶ tworzyć powodować kreować
tworzenie, twór
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creation
2[countable] something new that sb has made or produced This dish is a new creation – I didn’t use a recipe. ▶ twór wytwór dzieło
1 [uncountable] the act of causing sth new to happen or exist the creation of new independent states ▶ u/tworzenie powołanie (czegoś) do życia stworzenie kreowanie
twórczy, pomysłowy
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creative
□ creatively /; US / adv. They decorated their new house very creatively. ▶ twórczo pomysłowo
She’s a fantastic designer – she’s so creative. We need some creative thinking to solve this problem. ▶ twórczy pomysłowy 2 connected with producing new things His creative life went on until he was well over 80. ▶ twórczy
pomysłowość
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creativity
creativity /ˌkri: eɪˈtɪvəti; US / noun [uncountable] the ability to make or produce new things using skill or imagination We want teaching that encourages children’s creativity. ▶ zdolności twórcze pomysłowość
twórca, stwórca
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creator, creator
creator /kriˈeɪtə(r); US / noun 1 [countable] a person who makes or produces sth new He was the creator of some of the best-known characters in literature. ▶ twórca 2(the Creator) [sing.] God ▶ Stwórca
stworzenie, istota
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creature
creature /ˈkri: tʃə(r); US / noun [countable] a living thing such as an animal, a bird, a fish or an insect, but not a plant a living creature sea creatures ▶ stworzenie istota
kwalifikacje, świadectwo
学び始める
credentials
2 a document that is proof that you have the training, education, etc. necessary to do sth, or proof that you are who you say you are ▶ świadectwo dyplom (zawodowy) listy uwierzytelniające referencje
1 the qualities, experience, etc. that make sb suitable for sth He has the perfect credentials for the job. ▶ kwalifikacje przygotowanie zawodowe
wiarygodność, zaufanie
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credibility
credibility /ˌkredəˈbɪləti; US / noun [uncountable] the quality that sb has that makes people believe or trust them The Prime Minister had lost all credibility and had to resign. ▶ wiarygodność zaufanie
wiarygodny, rzetelny
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credible, reliable
that you can believe It’s hardly credible that such a thing could happen without him knowing it. ▶ wiarygodny  OPPOSITE  incredible 2 that seems possible We need to think of a credible alternative to nuclear energy. ▶ wiarygodny rzetelny
przynosić komuś chlubę
学び始める
do credit to somebody
do sb credit (used about sb’s qualities or successes) to be so good that people should be proud of them His courage and optimism do him credit. ▶ przynosić komuś zaszczyt/chlubę
kredyt, pożyczka
学び始める
credit
3 [uncountable] having money in an account No bank charges are made if your account remains in credit (jeśli na koncie są dostępne środki). I’ve run out of credit on my mobile phone. ▶ saldo dodatnie/kredytowe
[uncountable] I bought the TV on credit interest-free credit kredyt bez oprocentowania ▶ kredyt 2 [uncountable] a sum of money that a bank, etc. lends to sb The company was not able to get any further credit and went bankrupt. ▶ kredyt pożyczka
zasługa
学び始める
credit
She didn’t do very well but at least give her credit for trying (doceń ją za to, że próbowała). ▶ zasługa uznanie 6[sing.] a credit to sb/sth a person or thing that you should be proud of She is a credit to her school. ▶ chluba duma
5[uncountable] an act of saying that sb has done sth well He got all the credit (zdobył całe uznanie) for the success of the project. I can’t take any credit (nie mogę sobie przypisywać jakiejkolwiek zasługi); the others did all the work.
wpłacać, przypisywać
学び始める
credit
2credit sb/sth with sth; credit sth to sb/sth to believe or say that sb/sth has a particular quality or has done sth well He credited his success to a lot of hard work. ▶ przypisywać tłumaczyć czymś
1 to add money to an account Has the cheque been credited to my account (wpłynął na moje konto) yet? ▶ wpłacać
wierzyciel, kredytodawca
学び始める
creditor
creditor /ˈkredɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] a person or company from whom you have borrowed money He went abroad to avoid his creditors. ▶ wierzyciel kredytodawca
zdolność kredytowa
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creditworthiness / credit capacity
creditworthiness /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ zdolność kredytowa
kredo
学び始める
creed
creed /kri: d; US / noun [countable] a set of beliefs or principles (especially religious ones) that strongly influence sb’s life ▶ kredo wyznanie
wąska zatoczka, strumyk
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creek
creek /kri: k; US / noun [countable] 1 (Brit.) a narrow piece of water where the sea flows into the land ▶ wąska zatoczka 2 (US) a small river ▶ strumyk  SYNONYM  stream
skradać się, zakradać się
学び始める
creep
2 to move forward slowly The traffic was only creeping along. ▶ posuwać się powoli
1 to move very quietly and carefully so that nobody will notice you The cat crept silently towards the bird. She crept into the room so as not to wake him up. ▶ skradać się zakradać się pełzać czołgać się
pnącze
学び始める
creeper
creeper /ˈkri: pə(r); US / noun [countable] a plant that grows up trees or walls or along the ground ▶ pnącze
kremować
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cremate
cremate /krəˈmeɪt; US / verb [transitive] to burn the body of a dead person as part of a funeral service ▶ poddawać kremacji kremować ⇨ note at funeral □ cremation /krəˈmeɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] ▶ kremacja
kreol; kreolski
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Creole; Creole
a person whose relatives were among the first Europeans to live in the Caribbean and South America, or among the first French or Spanish people to live in the southern states of the US the Creole cooking (kuchnia kreolska) of New Orleans ▶ Kreol/ka
1 [countable] a person of mixed European and African race, especially one who lives in the West Indies ▶ Kreol/ka
rożek, sierp księżyca
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crescent
crescent /ˈkresnt; US / noun [countable] 1 a curved shape that is pointed at both ends, like the moon in its first and last stages ▶ sierp księżyca rożek 2 a street that is curved ▶ ulica w kształcie półkola
rzeżucha
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cress
cress /kres; US / noun [uncountable] a small plant with very small green leaves that does not need to be cooked and is eaten in salads and sandwiches ▶ rzeżucha
szczyt, grzebień, grzbiet
学び始める
top, crest, ridge
crest /krest; US / noun [countable] 1 the top of a hill ▶ szczyt (góry) 2 the white part at the top of a wave ▶ grzebień grzbiet 3 a group of feathers on the top of a bird’s head ▶ grzebień

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