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dilute /daɪˈlu: t; US / verb [transitive] dilute sth (with sth) to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid ▶ rozcieńczać rozwadniać □ dilute adj. ▶ rozcieńczony rozwodniony ⇨ look at concentrated
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2(informal) not very clever; stupid He’s a bit dim. ▶ tępy ▶ ponury □ dimly /; US / adv. I dimly remember meeting him somewhere before. ▶ niewyraźnie dim1 /dɪm; US / adj. (dimmer; dimmest) 1 not bright or easy to see; not clear The light was too dim to read by. a dim shape in the distance My memories of my grandmother are quite dim. ▶ mroczny niewyraźny wyblakły przyćmiony
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dim2 /dɪm; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] (dimming; dimmed) to become or make sth less bright or clear The lights dimmed. to dim the lights ▶ ciemnieć blaknąć przyciemniać matowieć
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3[cou] to add a new dimension to a problem/situation ▶ wymiar aspekt 4(-dimensional) /-ʃənl; US / [in compounds] having the number of dimensions mentioned a three-dimensional object ▶ wymiarowy dimension /daɪˈmenʃn; US / 1 [cou, unco] ▶ wymiar 2(dimensions) [pl.] the size of sth including its length, width and height to measure the dimensions of a room The full dimensions of this problem are only now being recognized. ▶ wymiar rozmiar
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pomniejszać się, zmniejszać się 学び始める
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The bad news did nothing to diminish her enthusiasm for the plan. ▶ pomniejszać (się) zmniejszać (się) maleć SYNONYM decrease diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to become or to make sth smaller or less important The world’s rainforests are diminishing fast.
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dimple /ˈdɪmpl; US / noun [countable] a round area in the skin on your cheek, etc. which often only appears when you smile ▶ dołeczek
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din /dɪn; US / noun [sing.] a lot of unpleasant noise that continues for some time Don’t make such a din! ▶ hałas harmider
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dinghy /ˈdɪŋɡi; US / noun [countable] (pl. dinghies) 1 a small boat that you sail ▶ łódka (z żaglem) ⇨ look at yacht 2 a small open boat, often used to take people to land from a larger boat ▶ łódka szalupa
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ˈdining room noun [countable] a room where you eat meals ▶ jadalnia pokój stołowy
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I never eat a big dinner. What’s for dinner, Mum? We have dinner (jemy obiad) at 8.00. a dinner service zastawa obiadowa a school dinner ▶ obiad dinner /ˈdɪnə(r); US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] the main meal of the day, eaten either at midday or in the evening Dinner is at 7 o’clock. Who’s going to make dinner? Would you like to go out for/to dinner one evening?
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ˈdinner jacket (US tuxedo) /tʌkˈsi: dəʊ; US / (pl. tuxedos /-dəʊz; US /) (also informal tux /tʌks; US /) noun [countable] a black or white jacket that a man wears on formal occasions. A dinner jacket is usually worn with a bow tie. ▶ smoking
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dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsɔ:(r); US / noun [countable] one of a number of very large animals that became extinct millions of years ago dinosaur fossils ▶ dinozaur
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diocese /ˈdaɪəsɪs; US / noun [countable] (pl. dioceses /-si: z; US /) an area containing a number of churches, for which a bishop is responsible ▶ diecezja
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2[intransitive, transitive] to go down or make sth go down to a lower level The road suddenly dipped down to the river. Sales have dipped disastrously this year. ▶ zniżać (się) obniżać się nachylać (się) dip1 /dɪp; US / verb (dipping; dipped) 1[transitive] dip sth (into sth); dip sth (in) to put sth into liquid and immediately take it out again Julie dipped her toe into the pool to see how cold it was. ▶ zanurzać
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3[countable] an area of lower ground The cottage was hidden in a dip in the hills. ▶ zagłębienie (terenu) spadek (terenu) dip2 /dɪp; US / noun 1 [countable] (informal) a short swim We went for a dip before breakfast. ▶ szybka kąpiel (np. w morzu) 2[countable] a fall to a lower level, especially for a short time a dip in sales/temperature ▶ spadek obniżenie
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diploma /dɪˈpləʊmə; US / noun [countable] (abbr. Dip) a diploma (in sth) a certificate that you receive when you complete a course of study, often at a college I’m studying for a diploma in hotel management. ▶ dyplom ⇨ note at degree
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2 skill in dealing with people without upsetting or offending them He handled the tricky situation with tact and diplomacy. ▶ takt diplomacy /dɪˈpləʊməsi; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the activity of managing relations between different countries If diplomacy fails, there is a danger of war. ▶ dyplomacja
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diplomat /ˈdɪpləmæt; US / noun [countable] an official who represents their country in a foreign country a diplomat at the embassy in Rome ▶ dyplomat-a/ka
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□ diplomatically /-kli; US / adv. ▶ dyplomatycznie diplomatic /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk; US / adj. 1 connected with diplomacy (1) to break off diplomatic relations ▶ dyplomatyczny 2 skilful at dealing with people He searched for a diplomatic reply so as not to offend her. ▶ dyplomatyczny SYNONYM tactful
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ˌdiploˈmatic corps noun (usually the diplomatic corps) [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] (pl. diplomatic corps) all the diplomats who work in a particular city or country ▶ korpus dyplomatyczny
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2 going from one place to another without turning or stopping; straight The most direct route is through the city centre. a direct flight to Hong Kong ▶ bezpośredni prosty direct1 /dəˈrekt The Minister is in direct contact with the US President. a direct attack on the capital As a direct result of the new road, traffic jams in the centre have been reduced. You should protect your skin from direct sunlight. ▶ bezpośredni
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2 to manage or control sb/sth A policeman was in the middle of the road, directing the traffic. When we moved to new offices, Ruth directed the whole operation. to direct a play/film ▶ kierować reżyserować direct2 /dəˈrekt / [trans] 1direct sth to/towards sb/sth; direct sth at sb/sth to point or send sth towards sb/sth or in a particular direction The advert is directed at young people. The actor directed some angry words at a photographer. ▶ kierować
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diˌrect ˈdebit noun [countable, uncountable] an order to your bank that allows sb else to take a particular amount of money out of your account on certain dates ▶ polecenie zapłaty (z konta)
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I’ve got such a hopeless sense of direction (mam beznadziejną orientację w terenie) I’m always getting lost. ▶ kierunek strona 1[countable, uncountable] the path, line or way along which a person or thing is moving, looking, pointing, developing, etc. When we reached the main road, we weren’t sure which direction to go in.
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directive /dəˈrektɪv; US dɪ-; US daɪ-; US / noun [countable] an official order to do sth an EU directive on safety at work ▶ dyrektywa zarządzenie
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2 immediately; very soon Wait where you are. I’ll be back directly. ▶ wkrótce zaraz directly1 /dəˈrektli; US dɪ-; US daɪ-; US / adv. 1 in a direct line or way The bank is directly opposite the supermarket. He refused to answer my question directly. Lung cancer is directly related to smoking. ▶ dokładnie bezpośrednio OPPOSITE indirectly
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diˌrect ˈobject noun [countable] a noun or phrase that is affected by the act of a verb In the sentence ‘ Anna bought a record’, ‘ a record’ is the direct object. ▶ dopełnienie bliższe ⇨ look at indirect object
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2 a person who is responsible for a particular activity or department in a company, a college, etc. the director of studies of a language school ▶ kierowni-k/czka director /dəˈrektə(r)/ noun [countable] 1 a person who manages or controls a company or organization She’s on the board of directors (jest w radzie nadzorczej) of a large computer company. the managing director of Rolls Royce ▶ dyrektor/ka
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I tried to look up Joe’s number but he’s ex-directory (jego numer jest zastrzeżony). ▶ spis (np. instytucji) 2 a file containing a group of other files or programs in a computer ▶ katalog directory /dəˈrektəri; US dɪ-; US daɪ-; US / noun [countable] (pl. directories) 1 a list of names, addresses and telephone numbers in the order of the alphabet the telephone directory książka telefoniczna
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2 earth or soil a dirt track tor ziemny ▶ ziemia dirt /dɜ: t; US / noun [uncountable] 1 a substance that is not clean, such as dust or mud Wipe the dirt off your shoes before you come in. His face and hands were covered in dirt. They treat their workers like dirt (jak śmieci). ▶ brud
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2 referring to sex in a way that may upset or offend people to tell a dirty joke ▶ nieprzyzwoity sprośny dirty1 /ˈdɜ: ti; US / adj. (dirtier; dirtiest) ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 not clean Your hands are dirty. Go and wash them! Gardening is dirty work. ▶ brudny OPPOSITE clean
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2[uncountable] the state of being unable to use a part of your body properly, usually because of injury or disease physical/mental disability ▶ niepełnosprawność inwalidztwo disability /ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti; US / noun (pl. disabilities) 1[countable] something that makes you unable to use a part of your body properly Because of his disability, he needs constant care. ▶ niepełnosprawność ułomność inwalidztwo
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disable /dɪsˈeɪbl; US / verb [transitive, often passive] to make sb unable to use part of their body properly, usually because of injury or disease Many soldiers were disabled in the war. ▶ czynić niepełnosprawnym
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□ the disabled noun [pl.] people who are disabled The hotel has improved facilities for the disabled. ▶ niepełnosprawni disabled /dɪsˈeɪbld; US / (also handicapped /ˈhændikæpt; US /) adj. unable to use a part of your body properly A car accident left her permanently disabled. ▶ niepełnosprawny upośledzony
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2 something that is not good or that causes problems The main disadvantage of the job is the long hours. What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power? ▶ wada ujemna strona disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvɑ: ntɪdʒ; US -ˈvæn- / noun [countable] 1 something that may make you less successful than other people Your qualifications are good. Your main disadvantage is your lack of experience. ▶ słaba strona wada
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disadvantaged /ˌdɪsədˈvɑ: ntɪdʒd; US -ˈvæn- / adj. in a bad social or economic situation; poor disadvantaged groups/children ▶ nieuprzywilejowany będący w trudnej sytuacji życiowej biedny
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disadvantageous /ˌdɪsædvænˈteɪdʒəs; US / adj. causing sb to be in a worse situation compared to other people The deal will not be disadvantageous to your company. ▶ niekorzystny (dla kogoś)
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zniechęcony, rozczarowany 学び始める
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□ disaffection /ˌdɪsəˈfekʃn; US / noun [uncountable] There are signs of growing disaffection amongst voters. The government’s response to popular disaffection has been simply to increase security. ▶ zniechęcenie rozczarowanie disaffected /ˌdɪsəˈfektɪd; US / adj. no longer satisfied with your situation, organization, belief etc. and therefore not loyal to it Some disaffected members left to form a new party. ▶ zniechęcony rozczarowany
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The local club has disaffiliated from the National Athletic Association. ▶ odłączać (się) (od czegoś) występować (np. ze stowarzyszenia) □ disaffiliation /ˌdɪsəfɪliˈeɪʃn; US / noun [uncoun.] ▶ odłączenie (się) wystąpienie (np. ze stowarzyszenia) disaffiliate /ˌdɪsəˈfɪlieɪt; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] disaffiliate (sth) (from sth) to end the link between a group, a company, or an organization and a larger one
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sprzeczać się, nie zgadzać się 学び始める
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They strongly disagreed with (stanowczo sprzeciwiali się) the idea. ▶ nie zgadzać się sprzeczać się być innego zdania 2 to be different These two sets of statistics disagree. ▶ nie zgadzać się być sprzecznym disagree /ˌdɪsəˈɡri:; US / verb [intransitive] 1disagree (with sb/sth) (about/on sth) to have a different opinion from sb/sth; to not agree Stephen often disagrees with his father about politics. ‘ We have to tell him.’ ‘ No, I disagree.
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rozbieżność zdań, niezgodność, sprzeczka 学び始める
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There’s great disagreement about what causes people to turn to crime. It’s normal for couples to have disagreements. Mandy resigned after a disagreement with her boss. ▶ rozbieżność zdań niezgodność sprzeczka OPPOSITE agreement disagreement /ˌdɪsəˈɡri: mənt; US / noun [uncountable, countable] disagreement (with sb) (about/on/over sth) a situation in which people have a different opinion about sth and often also argue The conference ended in disagreement.
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disallow /ˌdɪsəˈlaʊ; US / verb [transitive] to not allow or accept sth The goal was disallowed because the player was offside. ▶ unieważniać odrzucać
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2 to stop existing Plant and animal species are disappearing at an alarming rate. Since security cameras were installed, crime has almost disappeared from this shopping centre. ▶ znikać disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r); US / verb [intransitive] 1 to become impossible to see or to find He walked away and disappeared into a crowd of people. My purse was here a moment ago and now it’s disappeared. She disappeared five years ago ▶ znikać
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disappearance /; US / noun [countable, uncountable] The mystery of her disappearance was never solved. ▶ zniknięcie zaginięcie
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I’m sorry to disappoint you but I’m afraid you haven’t won the prize. ▶ rozczarowywać zawodzić disappoint /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt; US / verb [transitive] to make sb sad because what they had hoped for has not happened or is less good, interesting, etc. than they had hoped
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Lucy was deeply disappointed at not being chosen for the team. We were disappointed with our hotel. I’m disappointed in you. I thought you could do better. ▶ rozczarowany zawiedziony disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ adj. disappointed (about/at sth); disappointed (in/with sb/sth); disappointed that... ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW sad because you/sb/sth did not succeed or because sth was not as good, interesting, etc. as you had hoped
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niezadowalający, rozczarowujący 学び始める
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□ disappointingly /; US / adv. The amount of money they collected was disappointingly small. ▶ niezadowalająco disappointing /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ; US / adj. making you feel sad because sth was not as good, interesting, etc. as you had hoped It has been a disappointing year for the company. ▶ niezadowalający przynoszący rozczarowanie/zawód
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2[countable] a disappointment (to sb) a person or thing that disappoints you a major/bitter disappointment She has suffered many disappointments in her career. ▶ rozczarowanie zawód niewypał disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt; US / noun ⇨ 1[uncountable] the state of being disappointed To his great disappointment he failed to get the job. ▶ rozczarowanie zawód
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disapproval /ˌdɪsəˈpru: vl; US / noun [uncountable] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW a feeling that sth is bad or that sb is behaving badly She shook her head in disapproval. ▶ dezaprobata
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□ disapproving /; US / adj. After he had told the joke there was a disapproving silence. ▶ nieprzychylny krytyczny —disapprovingly /; US / adv. David frowned disapprovingly when I lit a cigarette. ▶ z dezaprobatą disapprove /ˌdɪsəˈpru: v; US / verb [intransitive] disapprove (of sb/sth) to think that sb/sth is bad, silly, etc. His parents strongly disapproved of him leaving college before he had finished his course. ▶ nie aprobować OPPOSITE approve
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