Word order

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質問 English 答え English
Two girls were talking. My foot hurts.
The word order in a statement is
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subject + verb phrase
Subject: Two girls. Verb phrase: were talking. Subject: My foot. Verb phrase: hurts.
We had a marvellous holiday. I can see something.
The word order in a statement is
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subject + verb phrase + object
Margaret is very nice. She seems a nice person.
The word order in a statement is
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subject + verb phrase + complement
Your friend is over there. The money was on the table
. The word order in a statement is
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subject + verb phrase + adverb phrase
We can add one or more adverbs or adverb phrases to
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the sentences types above.
Adverbs and adverb phrases can come
There are different rules for the different types of adverbs.
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at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a sentence.
Two girls were talking loudly.
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at the end of a sentence: loudly.
Last year we had a marvellous holiday in Italy.
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at the begining: last year. at the end: in Italy.
Margaret is always very nice.
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in the middle: always.
The money was certainly on the table this morning.
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in the middle: certainly. at the end: this morning.
Other kinds of sentences
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Negative statements. Questions. The imperative. Exclamations.
In a negative statement we put n't/not after be, have, do or a modal verb.
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This apple isn't very nice. The letter has not arrived. I don't like that colour. It must not happen again.
In a question we put be, have, do or a modal verb before the subject.
Questions can be with or without a question word, e.g. where, what.
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Where are my keys? What have you got there? Did the game start on time? Will Helen be at the meeting?
The imperative.
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Wait here. Don't touch anything.
Exclamations.
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What a beautiful day! How stupid!
Direct and indirect objects.
The direct object is the thing or person to which something happens. The indirect object is the person who receives something.
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without to or with to.
The indirect object without to comes before the direct object.
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Aunt Jane gave Sarah a record. She sent Peter a book.
The indirect object with to comes after the direct object.
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Aunt Jane gave the record to Sarah. She sent the book to Peter.
Types of complement.
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The subject complement and the object complement.
The subject complement is used to describe the subject.
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I was ill. That man is Mac.
The object complement is used to describe the object.
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The food made me ill. Everyone calls him Mac.
A sentence can have one or more clauses.
A sub clause begins with a conjunction, e.g. when, if, because, after.
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Sub clauses with when, if, because, etc.
The word order after the conjunction is the same as in a main clause, e.g. I've finished. It's nice.
A sub clause can come either before the main clause
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When I've finished, I'll make a cup of coffee. If it's nice, we can go out.
or after the main clause.
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We can go out if it's nice. I bought the coat because it was cheap.

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