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Present perfect simple and continous 学び始める
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Underline the correct alternative. Then check in the article. In which sentences are both forms possible?
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We've done this / 've been doing this for three years now. The perfect is used here to describe activities or states which started in the past and continue up to now. 学び始める
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We've been doing this for three years now. (used in the text, although "'ve done" is also possible)
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Since we started, the company has cleaned / has been cleaning over a hundred outfits. The perfect is used here to describe activities or states which started in the past and continue up to now. 学び始める
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Since we started, the company has cleaned over a hundred outfits.
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Twenty-six-year-old Ryan Sinclair has always loved / has always been loving bikes. The perfect is used here to describe activities or states which started in the past and continue up to now. 学び始める
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Twenty-six-year-old Ryan Sinclair has always loved bikes.
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The bike has turned / has been turning their lives around. The perfect is used to describe an event/action in the past which is completed although we don't know when. The link is that we are interested now in the result this has had. 学び始める
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The bike has turned their lives around.
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We've already raised / 've been raising £4,000. The perfect is used to describe an event/action in the past which is completed although we don't know when. The link is that we are interested now in the result this has had. 学び始める
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We've already raised £4,000.
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We've danced / 've been dancing since 5 o'clock and I'm exhausted! The perfect is used because the activity has only just finished and we can see the result now. 学び始める
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We've been dancing since 5 o'clock and I'm exhausted!
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学び始める
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He's a farmer in a village of Ghana. Kufuo is a friend of the writer's. He's a cocoa grower in Ghana and does work for Fairtrade.
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I've been working / I've worked with Fairtrade organisations to help developing markets get fair prices for goods since I finished university, Fairtrade is a charitable organisation that aims to help producers in developing markets to get price for their goods. 学び始める
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I've been working / I've worked with Fairtrade organisations to help developing markets get fair prices for goods since I finished university, 've been working emphasises the lenght of time
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and I (visit) over thirty countries in connection with my work. 学び始める
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and I've visited over thirty countries in connection with my work.
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This year I (live) in a village in one of my favourite countries, Ghana. 学び始める
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This year I've been living in a village in one of my favourite countries, Ghana. 've been living here slightly emphasises the idea that it's temporary
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I (meet) so many wonderful people here. 学び始める
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I've met so many wonderful people here.
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One of my closest friends is Kufuo, who I (know) since I started coming here. 学び始める
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One of my closest friends is Kufuo, who I've known since I started coming here.
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He (grow) cocoa all his life 学び始める
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He's grown/been growing cocoa all his life 've been growing emphasises the lenght of time
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and (follow) Fairtrade guidelines for producting cocoa for several years now. 学び始める
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and he has followed/has been following Fairtrade guidelines for producting cocoa for several years now. has been following emphasises the lenght of time
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Recently he (recruit) more than thirty other farmers in the local area into our group 学び始める
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Recently he's recruited more than thirty other farmers in the local area into our group
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and they (double) the volume of cocoa exported. 学び始める
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and they've doubled the volume of cocoa exported.
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As a result, Fairtrade (become) one of the most important movements in this region. 学び始める
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As a result, Fairtrade has become one of the most important movements in this region.
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RULE 1 Use the Present Perfect Continuous when we want to emphasise that an action is repeated or has lasted for a long time and continues up to now. 学び始める
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We've been doing this for three years now. We've been dancing since 5 o'clock and I'm exhausted!
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RULE 2 Use the Present Perfect Simple when an action is shorter and completed before now. It has present relevance or a present effect. 学び始める
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Since we started, the company has cleaned over a hundred outfits. The bike has turned their lives around. We've already raised £4,000.
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RULE 3 Use the Present Perfect Simple when we say how many times someone did something or say how much they did 学び始める
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Since we started, the company has cleaned over a hundred outfits. We've already raised £4,000.
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RULE 4 Use the Present Perfect Simple OR the Present Perfect Continuous with verbs such as work, live, wait, study, do with little or no difference in meaning. 学び始める
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We've been doing this for three years now. (used in the text, although "'ve done" is also possible)
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RULE 5 Use the Present Perfect Simple with state verbs such as know, have, be, love, 学び始める
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Twenty-six-year-old Ryan Sinclair has always loved bikes.
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How long have you been working here? 学び始める
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I've been here for over ten months now.
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How many chocolates have you eaten? 学び始める
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What have you been doing? You're filthy! 学び始める
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