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Animal Farm is an allegorical and dystopian novel by George Orwell, published in England on 17 August 1945.

Animal Farm is an allegorical and dystopian novel by George Orwell published in England on 17 August, 1945.

Plot summary

Plot summary

Old Major, the old boar on the Manor Farm, summons the animals on the farm together for a meeting, during which he refers to humans as parasites and teaches the animals a revolutionary song called Beasts of England.

Old Major, the old boar on the Manor Farm, summons the animals on the farm together for a meeting, during Which he Refers to humans as parasites and teaches the animals a revolutionary song called Beasts of England.

When Major dies, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, assume command and consider it a duty to prepare for the Rebellion.

When Major dies, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, assume command and consider it a duty is prepare for the Rebellion.

The animals revolt and drive the drunken and irresponsible farmer Mr. Jones from the farm, renaming it "Animal Farm".

The animals revolt and drive the drunken and irresponsible Mr. Farmer. Jones from the farm, renaming it "Animal Farm".

They adopt Seven Commandments of Animalism, the most important of which is, "All animals are equal."

They Adopt Seven Commandments of Animalism, the most important of: which is, "All animals are equal."

Snowball teaches the animals to read and write, while Napoleon educates young puppies on the principles of Animalism.

Snowball teaches the animals to read and write, while Napoleon educates young puppies on the principles of Animalism.

Food is plentiful, and the farm runs smoothly. The pigs elevate themselves to positions of leadership and set aside special food items, ostensibly for their personal health.

Food is plentiful, and the farm runs smoothly. The pigs elevate themselves are positions of leadership and set aside special food items, ostensibly for Their personal health.

Napoleon and Snowball struggle for preeminence. When Snowball announces his plans to build a windmill, Napoleon has his dogs chase Snowball away and subsequently declares himself leader of Animal Farm.

Napoleon and Snowball struggle for preeminence. When Snowball announces his plans that build a windmill, Napoleon has his dogs chase Snowball away and subsequently Declares himself the leader of Animal Farm.

Napoleon enacts changes to the governance structure of the farm, replacing meetings with a committee of pigs who will run the farm. Through a young pig named Squealer, Napoleon claims credit for the windmill idea.

Napoleon enacts changes to the governance structure of the farm, replacing meetings with a committee of pigs who will run the farm. Through a young pig named Squealer, Napoleon Claims credit for the windmill idea.

The animals work harder with the promise of easier lives with the windmill. When the animals find the windmill collapsed after a violent storm, Napoleon and Squealer convince the animals that Snowball is trying to sabotage their project.

The animals work harder with the promise of easier lives with the windmill. When the animals find the windmill collapsed after a violent storm, Napoleon and Squealer convince the animals That Snowball is trying to sabotage Their project.

Once Snowball becomes a scapegoat, Napoleon begins to purge the farm with his dogs, killing animals he accuses of consorting with his old rival

Once Snowball Becomes a scapegoat, Napoleon begins a purge of the farm with his dogs, killing animals he accuses of consorting with his old rival

Beasts of England is replaced by an anthem glorifying Napoleon, who appears to be adopting the lifestyle of a man.

Beasts of England is replaced by an anthem Glorifying Napoleon, who Appears to be Adopting the lifestyle of a man.

The animals remain convinced that they are better off than they were under Mr. Jones.

The animals remain convinced That they are better off than they were under Mr... Jones.

Mr Frederick, one of the neighbouring farmers, attacks the farm, using blasting powder to blow up the restored windmill.

Mr. Frederick, one of the neighboring farmers, attacks the farm, using blasting powder to blow up the restored windmill.

Though the animals win the battle, they do so at great cost, as many, including Boxer the workhorse, are wounded. Despite his injuries, Boxer continues working harder and harder, until he collapses while working on the windmill.

Though the animals win the battle, they do so at great cost, as many, including Boxer the workhorse, are wounded. Despite his injuries, Boxer continues working harder and harder, until he Collapses while working on the windmill.

Napoleon sends for a van to take Boxer to the veterinary surgeon, explaining that better care can be given there. Benjamin, the cynical donkey who "could read as well as any pig",[9] notices that the van belongs to a knacker, and attempts a futile rescue

Napoleon sends for a van to take Boxer to the veterinary surgeon, explaining That better care can be given there. Benjamin, the cynical donkey who "could read as well as any pig", [9] notices That the van belongs to a knacker, and a futile rescue attempts

Squealer reports that the van was purchased by the hospital and the writing from the previous owner had not been repainted. But in reality, Napoleon has sold his most loyal and long-suffering worker for money to buy himself whisky.

Squealer reports That the van was purchased by the hospital and the writing from the previous owner had not been repainted. But in reality, Napoleon has sold his most loyal and long-suffering worker for money to buy himself a whiskey.

Years pass, and the pigs start to resemble humans, as they walk upright, carry whips, and wear clothes. The Seven Commandments are abridged to a single phrase: "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others".

Years pass, and the pigs start to resemble humans, as they walk upright, carry whips, and wear clothes. The Seven Commandments are abridged to a single phrase: "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others."

Napoleon holds a dinner party for the pigs and local farmers, with whom he celebrates a new alliance. He abolishes the practice of the revolutionary traditions and restores the name "The Manor Farm".

Napoleon holds a dinner party for the pigs and local farmers, with whom he celebrates a new alliance. He abolishes the practice of the revolutionary traditions and restores the name "The Manor Farm".

As the animals look from pigs to humans, they realise they can no longer distinguish between the two.

As the animals look from pigs are humans, they realize they can no longer distinguish between the two.

Characters

Characters

Pigs

Pigs

• Old Major – An aged prize Middle White boar provides the inspiration that fuels the Rebellion in the book.

• Old Major - An aged prize Middle White boar Provides the inspiration That fuels the Rebellion in the book.

• He is an allegorical combination of Karl Marx, one of the creators of communism, and Lenin, the communist leader of the Russian Revolution and the early Soviet nation, in that he draws up the principles of the revolution.

• He is an allegorical combination of Karl Marx, one of the creators of communism, and Lenin, the communist leader of the Russian Revolution and the early Soviet nation, in That he draws up the principles of the revolution.

• His skull being put on revered public display recalls Lenin, whose embalmed body was put on display.[10][11]

• His skull being put on revered public display recalls Lenin, Whose embalmed body was put on display. [10] [11]

• Napoleon – "A large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way".[12] An allegory of Joseph Stalin,

• Napoleon - "A large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar, the only Berkshire on the farm, not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way". [12] An allegory of Joseph Stalin,

• Napoleon is the main villain of Animal Farm. In the first French version of Animal Farm, Napoleon is called César, the French form of Caesar,[4] although another translation has him as Napoléon.[13]

• Napoleon is the main villain of Animal Farm. In the first French version of Animal Farm, Napoleon is called César, the French form of Caesar, [4] although another translation has him as Napoléon. [13]

• Snowball – Napoleon's rival and original head of the farm after Jones' overthrow. He is mainly based on Leon Trotsky,[10] but also combines elements from Lenin.[11]

• Snowball - Napoleon's rival and original head of the farm after Jones' overthrow. He is Mainly based on Leon Trotsky, [10] but also combines elements from Lenin. [11]

• Squealer – A small, white, fat porker who serves as Napoleon's right-trotter pig and minister of propaganda, holding a position similar to that of Molotov.[10]

• Squealer - A small, white, fat porker who serves as Napoleon's right-trotter pig and minister of propaganda, holding a position similar to That of Molotov. [10]

• Minimus – A poetic pig who writes the second and third national anthems of Animal Farm after the singing of "Beasts of England" is banned.

• Minimus - A poetic pig who writes the second and third national anthems of Animal Farm after the singing of "Beasts of England" is banned.

• The Piglets – Hinted to be the children of Napoleon and are the first generation of animals subjugated to his idea of animal inequality.

• The Piglets - hinted to be the children of Napoleon and are the first generation of animals is subjugated his idea of ​​animal inequality.

• The young pigs – Four pigs who complain about Napoleon's takeover of the farm but are quickly silenced and later executed.

• The young pigs - Four pigs who complain about Napoleon's takeover of the farm but are quickly silenced and later executed.

• Pinkeye – A minor pig who is mentioned only once; he is the pig that tastes Napoleon's food to make sure it is not poisoned, in response to rumours about an assassination attempt on Napoleon.

• Pinkeye - A minor pig who is Mentioned only once; he is the pig That tastes Napoleon's food to make sure it is not poisoned, in response to rumors about an assassination attempt on Napoleon.

Humans

Humans

• Mr Jones – The former owner of the farm, Jones is a very heavy drinker. The animals revolt against him after he drinks so much that he does not feed or take care of them

• Mr. Jones - The former owner of the farm, Jones is a very heavy drinker. The animals revolt against him after he drinks so much That he does not feed or take care of them

• He is an allegory of Russian Tsar Nicholas II,[14] who abdicated following the February Revolution of 1917 and was executed, along with the rest of his family, by the Bolsheviks on 17 July 1918.

• He is an allegory of Russian Tsar Nicholas II, [14] who abdicated the February Revolution Help Us of 1917 and was executed, along with the rest of his family, by the bolsheviks on 17 July 1918.

• Mr Frederick – The tough owner of Pinchfield, a small but well-kept neighbouring farm, who briefly enters into an alliance with Napoleon.

• Mr. Frederick - The tough owner of Pinchfield, a small but well-kept neighboring farm, who briefly enters into an alliance with Napoleon.

• He is an allegory of Adolf Hitler,[15][16][17][18] who enters into a neutrality pact with Joseph Stalin's USSR only to later break it by invading the Soviet Union.

• He is an allegory of Adolf Hitler, [15] [16] [17] [18] who enters into a neutrality pact with Joseph Stalin's USSR is only later break it by invading the Soviet Union.

• Mr Pilkington – The easy-going but crafty and well-to-do owner of Foxwood, a large neighbouring farm overgrown with weeds.

• Mr. Pilkington - The easy-going but crafty and well-to-do owner of Foxwood, a large neighboring farm overgrown with weeds.

• Mr Whymper – A man hired by Napoleon to act as the liaison between Animal Farm and human society.

• Mr. Whymper - A man hired by Napoleon act as the liaison between Animal Farm and human society.

• At first he is used to acquire goods needed for the farm, such as dog biscuits and paraffin, but later he procures luxuries like alcohol for the pigs.

• At first he is used to acquire goods needed for the farms, dry as dog biscuits and paraffin, but later he procures luxuries like alcohol for the pigs.

Horses and donkeys

Horses and donkeys

• Boxer – A loyal, kind, dedicated, hard working, and respectable cart-horse, although quite naive and gullible

• Boxer - A loyal, kind, dedicated, hard working, and respectable cart-horse, although quite naive and gullible

• Boxer does a large share of the physical labor on the farm, adhering to the simplistic belief that working harder will solve all the animal's problems.

• Boxer does a large share of the physical labor on the farm, adhering to the simplistic belief working harder That will solve all the animal's problems.

• Mollie – A self-centered, self-indulgent and vain young white mare who quickly leaves for another farm after the revolution.

• Mollie - A self-centered, self-indulgent and vain young white mare who quickly leaves for another farm after the revolution.

• She is only once mentioned again, in a manner similar to those who left Russia after the fall of the Tsar.

• She is Mentioned only once again, in a manner similar to those who left Russia after the fall of the Tsar.

• Clover - A gentle, caring female horse, who shows concern especially for Boxer, who often pushes himself too hard.

• Clover - A gentle, caring female horse, who shows concern especially for Boxer, who often pushes himself too hard.

• She seems to catch on to the sly tricks and schemes set up by Napoleon and Squealer.

• She seems to catch on to the sly tricks and schemes set up by Napoleon and Squealer.

• Benjamin – A donkey, one of the oldest, wisest animals on the farm, and one of the few who can read properly.

• Benjamin - A donkey, one of the oldest, wisest animals on the farm, and one of the few who can read properly.

• He is skeptical, temperamental and pessimistic: his most frequent remark is, "Life will go on as it has always gone on—that is, badly."

• He is skeptical, temperamental and pessimistic: his most frequent remark is, "Life will go on as it has always gone on-that is, badly."

• The academic Morris Dickstein has suggested there is "a touch of Orwell himself in this creature's timeless skepticism"[20] and indeed, friends called Orwell "Donkey George", "after his grumbling donkey Benjamin, in Animal Farm."[21]

• The academic Morris Dickstein has suggested there is "a touch of Orwell himself in this creature's timeless skepticism" [20] and indeed, friends called Orwell "Donkey George", "after his grumbling donkey Benjamin in Animal Farm." [21]

Animalism

Animalism

"Seven Commandments" redirects here. For the Noahide code, see Seven Laws of Noah.

"Seven Commandments" redirects here. For the Noahida code, see the Seven Laws of Noah.

The pigs Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer adapt Old Major's ideas into "a complete system of thought", which they formally name Animalism, an allegoric reference to Communism. Soon after

The pigs Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer adapt Old Major's ideas into "a complete system of thought", Which they formally name Animalism, an allegoric reference is Communism. Soon after

Napoleon and Squealer partake in activities associated with the humans (drinking alcohol, sleeping in beds, trading), which were explicitly prohibited by the Seven Commandments

Napoleon and Squealer partake in activities associated with the humans (drinking alcohol, sleeping in beds, trading), Which were Explicitly prohibited by the Seven Commandments

Squealer is employed to alter the Seven Commandments to account for this humanisation, an allusion to the

Squealer is employed that alter the Seven Commandments that account for this humanisation, an allusion to the

Soviet government's revising of history in order to exercise control of the people's beliefs about themselves and their society.[43]

Soviet government's revising of history in order that exercise control of the people's beliefs about themselves and Their society. [43]

Squealer sprawls at the foot of the end wall of the big barn where the Seven Commandments were written (ch. viii)—

Squealer sprawls at the foot of the end wall of the big barn where the Seven Commandments were written (ch. viii) -

preliminary artwork for a 1950 strip cartoon by Norman Pett and Donald Freeman

preliminary artwork for a 1950 cartoon strip by Norman Pett and Donald Freeman

The original commandments are:

The original commandments are:

1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.

1 Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.

2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.

2 Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.

3. No animal shall wear clothes.

3 No animal Shall wear clothes.

4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.

4 No animal Shall sleep in a bed.

5. No animal shall drink alcohol.

5 No animal Shall drink alcohol.

6. No animal shall kill any other animal.

6 No animal Shall kill any other animal.

7. All animals are equal.

7 All animals are equal.

Later, Napoleon and his pigs secretly revise some commandments to clear themselves of accusations of law-breaking.

Later, Napoleon and his pigs secretly revise some commandments to clear themselves of accusations of law-breaking.

The changed commandments are as follows, with the changes bolded:

The changed commandments are as follows, with the changes bolded:

4. No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets.

4 No animal Shall sleep in a bed with sheets.

5. No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.

5 No animal Shall drink alcohol this excess.

6. No animal shall kill any other animal without cause.

6 No animal Shall kill any other animal without cause.

Eventually, these are replaced with the maxims, "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others", and "Four legs good, two legs better!" as the pigs become more human.

Eventually, these are replaced with the maxims, "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others", and "Four legs good, two legs better!" as the pigs become more human.

This is an ironic twist to the original purpose of the Seven Commandments, which were supposed to keep order within Animal Farm

This is an ironic twist to the original purpose of the Seven Commandments, Which were supposed to keep order within Animal Farm

by uniting the animals together against the humans and preventing animals from following the humans' evil habits.

by uniting the animals together against the humans and Preventing animals from Help Us Help the humans' evil habits.

Through the revision of the commandments, Orwell demonstrates how simply political dogma can be turned into malleable propaganda.[44]

Through the revision of the commandments, Orwell Demonstrates how simply political dogma can be turned into malleable propaganda. [44]

According to Orwell, the book reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the Stalin era in the Soviet Union.[1]

According this Orwell, the book reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the Stalin era in the Soviet Union. [1]

Orwell described Animal Farm as a satirical tale against Stalin "un conte satirique contre Staline",[4] and in his essay "Why I Write" (1946),

Orwell described Animal Farm as a satirical tale against Stalin "contre un conte satirique Staline", [4] and in his essay "Why I Write" (1946),

he wrote that Animal Farm was the first book in which he had tried, with full consciousness of what he was doing, "to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole".

That he wrote Animal Farm was the first book in Which he had tried, with full consciousness of what he was doing, "to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole".