Functionalist approaches

Translation is

an act of communication.

Meaning is understood in terms of

function in context.

The linguistic form of the TT is determined by

the purpose it is meant to fulfil.

Reiss developed a ... with the aim of ... for...

translation-oriented text typology / deriving strictly objective criteria / assessing the quality of translations

In Reiss, the quality is judged with reference to

source text (source-text based approach).

It is not source text as such or its effects on the source text recipients, or the functions assigned by the author that determines the translation process, but

the prospective function or purpose of the target text as determined by the initiator's needs. The purpose (skopos) is largely constrained by the TT user and his situation and cultural background