Infotech. Unit 3 & 4

processor (CPU)

the nerve centre of a PC

chip (what it does)

executes program instructions and coordinates the activities that take place within the computer system

chip (what it is)

a small piece of silicon with a complex electrical circuit called an integrated circuit

circuit

obwód, układ

the processor consists of three main parts:

control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers

control unit (what it is)

jednostka sterująca

control unit (what it does)

examines the instructions in the user's program, interprets each instruction and causes the circuits and the rest of the components - monitor, disk drives - to execute the functions specified

ALU (what it is)

jednostka arytmetyczno-logiczna; ALU (część komputera wykonująca wszystkie arytmetyczne obliczenia oraz wszystkie operacje porównywania)

ALU (what it does)

performs mathematical calculations (+,-, etc.) and logical operations (AND, OR, NOT)

registers (what it is)

high speed units, rejestry zewnętrzne

registers (what it does)

high speed units of memory used to store and control data.

system clock (what it is)

zegar systemowy

system clock (what it does)

sends out signals fixed intervals to measure and synchronize the flow of data

clock speed (in GHz)

częstotliwość zegara (prędkość z jaką mikroprocesor wykonuje instrukcje i synchronizuje wszystkie elementy komputera)

RAM (random access memory)

pamięć operacyjna

RAM

is volatile (nietrwała) - that is, its information is lost when the computer is turned off

ROM (read only memory)

pamięć tylko do odczytu

ROM

is non-volatile (nieulotna), containing instructions and routines for the basic operations of the CPU

BIOS (basic input/output system)

podstawowy system wejścia-wyjścia; system BIOS

BIOS

uses ROM to control communication with peripherals

RAM capacity (możliwości)

can be expanded by adding extra chips, usually contained in small circuit boards called DIMMs

DIMMs (dual in-line memory modules)

moduł pamięci DIMM (rodzaj pamięci RAM, w którym układy pamięci są rozmieszczone po obydwu stronach cienkiej karty umieszczanej w specjalnym gnieździe)

motherboard

the main circuit board inside your system (płyta główna)

motherboard contains:

the processor, the memory chips, expansions slots, and controllers for peripherals, connected by buses

buses

electrical channels which allow devices inside the computer to communicate with each other (magistrale, szyny)

bus width

the size of a bus; determines how much data can be transmitted

expansion slot

gniazdo rozszerzeń, port rozszerzeń, slot rozszerzeń

expansion slots

allow users to install expansion cards, adding features like sound, memory and network capabilities

expansion card

karta rozszerzająca; karta dodatkowa (karta powiększająca możliwości istniejącego sprzętu)

binary code

code made of just two number - 0 and 1; computers do all calculations using this code

binary digit, bit

each 0 or 1

byte

eight-digit code that typically represent characters (letter, number and symbol)

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

computers use this code for the binary representation of characters

wireless connectivity

łączność bezprzewodowa

expand

rozszerzyć

Greeting and offering help:

Good morning. Do you need ANY help?

Giving technical specifications (specs):

The MacBook has a processor RUNNING AT 2.0 gigahertz. The iMac HAS two gigabytes of RAM. They features a camera BUILT INTO THE DISPLAY.

Describing:

Both computers are very fast and reliable.

Comparing:

The MacBook IS MORE PRACTICAL if you travel a lot. PDAs are cheaper than laptops but laptops are more powerful.

Explaining what you are looking for:

We're looking for a personal computer. Have you got any fairly basic ones?

Asking for technical specs:

WHAT'S the storage capacity of the hard drive? Do they have a DVD drive?

Asking the price:

How MUCH DO they COST? How MUCH IS it?