Top 5 Ways to Differentiate Primary Cardiac from Primary Pulmonary Disease in Emergencies

breathing patterns

rapid, laboured, synchronous inspiratory effort; rapid, laboured, asynchronous inspiratory effort; increased expiratory effort; loud, slow, and noisy (heard without a stethoscope; may be rapid if patient hyperthermic)

rapid, laboured, synchronous inspiratory effort - region affected

pulmonary interstitium, pulmonary oedema from CHF

rapid, laboured, asynchronous inspiratory effort - region affected

pleural space

increased expiratory effort - region affected

lower airway, alveolar flooding from CHF

loud, slow, and noisy (heard without a stethoscope; may be rapid if patient hyperthermic)

upper airway (nose to distal trachea)

synchronous breathing

the chest and abdomen moving together during inhalation and exhalation

asynchronous breathing

the chest and abdomen moving opposite from each other during inhalation and exhalation

generalized reduced lung sounds may suggest

pleural space occupation with fluid or air

focal reduction in lung sounds may identify

a lobe that is not aerating (eg, torsion)

moist crackles can develop with

pulmonary oedema (cardiogenic/noncardiogenic)/interstitial inflammation

lobar pulmonary disease (crackles are focal)

aspiration pneumonia, contusion, neoplasia

diffuse moist lung sounds are accompanied by a heart murmur and/or a cardiac dysrhythmia

pulmonary oedema secondary to CHF

pulmonary interstitium

interstitial pneumonia, neoplasia, noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema, parenchymal bleeding

pleural space

diaphragmatic hernia, diaphragmatic paralysis, hemothorax, pleural effusion, pneumothorax

lower airway

acute bronchoconstriction, alveolar fluid accumulation, tracheobronchial inflammation

upper airway (nose to distal trachea)

elongated soft palate, laryngeal disease, nasal, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, laryngeal obstruction, tracheal disease

historical evidence of heart disease

heart murmur, exercise intolerance, coughing without activity

anticoagulant intoxication can cause a variety of cardiopulmonary problems, including

pulmonary interstitial hemorrhage, hemothorax, mediastinal hemorrhage, pericardial effusion

may hasten the development of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

recent prolonged seizure event, brain injury, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, choking, electrocution

TFAST

thoracic-focused assessment sonography for trauma

odróżniać, rozróżniać

differentiate

zniechęcać, zrażać

daunt

szybko

hurriedly

niefortunny, nierozważny, nieprzemyślany

misguided

manewr

manoeuvre

przemyślany

thoughtful

podejście, metoda

approach

zasysanie

suction

ocena, oszacowanie

evaluation, assessment

zastoinowa niewydolność serca

CHF, congestive heart failure

bez względu na coś, niezależnie od czegoś

regardless of sth

przypadek

instance

podczas gdy, natomiast

whereas

źródło, pochodzenie

origin

ciężki (np. oddech)

laboured

teren, pole

field

znieczulać

desensitise

cienki, delikatny, lekki

finer

przewietrzyć, wietrzyć

aerate

wilgotne trzeszczenia

moist crackles

stłuczenie

contusion

w towarzystwie

accompanied by

szmer serca

heart murmur

dysrytmia

dysrhythmia

rozważyć

consider

przerywany

intermittent

cierpliwość, wytrzymałość

patience

tkanka śródmiąższowa

interstitium

wydłużony

elongated

podejrzenie

suspicion

regurgitacja

regurgitation

sugerować, podpowiadać

prompt

zapoczątkować

initiate

niedawny

recent

dławić się, krztusić się, dusić

choke

porażenie prądem

electrocution

przyspieszać

hasten

skoncentrowany, skupiony

focused

trzymać w rękach

handle

powiększenie

enlargement

przesączający, infiltrujący

infiltrative

mimo że, pomimo że

although

obszerny, wszechstronny, pełny, wyczerpujący

comprehensive

potwierdzać

confirm