| 質問   | 答え   | 
        
        | 学び始める |  |   a lengthy fictional narrative, written in prose, presenting a realistic picture of believable characters and events.  |  |  | 
|  学び始める Artamène, ou le grand Cyrus, Madeleine and Georges de Scudéry 2 100 000 words 13 095 pages |  |   Clarissa, or The History of a Young Lady Samuel Richardson 984,870 words 1534 pages  |  |  | 
|  学び始める • tells a story, rather lenghty • closely related to history, presents the account of facts and truths |  |   concerned with social mores • gives insight in the life at a particular time • may contain elements of myth and legend; serve didactic or explanatory fuctions  |  |  | 
|   NOVEL - NOVELLA - Decameron, Bocchaccio   学び始める • evolves from anecdotes • its primary function is entertainment |  |   introduces new subjects, rather than utilize stock patterns and known stories • assumes action-oriented narration, a swift succession of events  |  |  | 
|   ROMAN - CHIVALRIC ROMANCE - Don Quixote, Miguel de Cervantes   学び始める concerns idealized characters • ambivalent approach to „reality” |  |   attempts at the faithful portrait of man and his existence in the world, rather than at a minute representation of the world • may contain the elements of supernatural • symbolic  |  |  | 
|  学び始める Genji Monogataari, Murasaki Shikibu (11th c.) |  |   El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha, Miguel de Cervantes (1605, 1615)    Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded, Samuel Richardson (1740-1742) |  |  | 
|  学び始める THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NOVEL  |  |   1. Early novel. (16th/17th centuries) •Picaresque: episodic adventure stories •Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote  |  |  | 
|  学び始める 2. The emergence of modern novel. (18th century) •Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe •Samuel Richardson: Pamela, Clarissa •Gothic novel: Horace Walpole •Sentimental novel: J.J. Rousseau, Julie, or the New Héloïse  |  |   3. The age of novel. (19th century) •Realism (Balzac) and naturalism (Zola) •Novel of manners: Jane Austen, Gustav Flaubert •Historical (chronicle) novel: Sir Walter Scott, Balzac, Tolstoy •Psychological novel: Thomas Hardy, Fyodor Dostoyevsky  |  |  | 
|  学び始める 4. Experiments and post-modern novel. (20th century) •Experiments: James Joyce, roman nouveau (new novel) •Magic realism: Gabriel García Márquez  |  |   5. The novel in the Google era. (21st century) •Graphic and hybrid novel •Micronovel, twitterature: Nick Douglas, Twitter Wit •Convergent novel •Google novel: Stieg Larsson, Millenium  |  |  | 
| 学び始める |  |   Adventure novel, maritime fiction, e.g., Moby Dick  |  |  | 
|  学び始める detective story (crime fiction), e.g., My Name Is Red  |  |   war novel, spy fiction, e.g., Erich Maria Remarque, Ian Fleming  |  |  | 
|  学び始める thriller, e.g., Graham Greene  |  |   horror (gothic), e.g., frankenstein by mary shelley  |  |  | 
|  学び始める romance, e.g., Nathaniel Hawthorne scarlet letter  |  |   chick lit, e.g., Bridget Jones Diary  |  |  | 
|  学び始める the novel of manners, e.g., Jane Austen  |  |   •historical novel, e.g., Walter Scott  |  |  | 
|  学び始める •psychological novel, e.g., Fyodor Dostoevsky crime and punishment  |  |   •children/young adult novel, e.g., cs lewis the lion the witch and the wardrobe by C.S. Lewis, The Hunger Games  |  |  | 
|  学び始める •fantasy novel, e.g., J.R.R. Tolkien  |  |   •science fiction novel, e.g., Stanisław Lem  |  |  |